Snapshot A 44-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for 1 week of worsening malaise, myalgias, sore throat, and chills. He denies any sick contacts or recent travel history. His past medical history is noncontributory. He drinks alcohol occasionally, denies smoking, and is sexually active with 2 men and inconsistently uses condoms. In the past, he has been treated for chlamydia and gonorrhea. He consents for a fourth-generation combination HIV-1/2 immunoassay, which returns positive. An HIV-1/HIV-2 antibody differentiation immunoassay confirms the diagnosis and he is started on tenofovir alafenamide, emtricitabine, and bictegravir. Introduction Definition login to view 4 more bullets Microbiology login to view 13 more bullets Associated conditions login to view 4 more bullets Epidemiology Incidence login to view 1 more bullet ETIOLOGY Pathogenesis login to view 2 more bullets Opportunistic Infections CD4+ Count < 500 mm3 login to view 1 more bullet CD4+ Count < 200 mm3 login to view 1 more bullet CD4+ Count < 100 mm3 login to view 1 more bullet Presentation Symptoms/physical exam login to view 8 more bullets Studies HIV serology login to view 15 more bullets Viral load (qRT-PCR) login to view 4 more bullets CD4+ T-cell count and percentage login to view 3 more bullets HIV genotyping login to view 1 more bullet Differential Influenza infection and immunosuppression caused by medications login to view 3 more bullets Treatment HIV-infected breastfeeding mothers login to view 1 more bullet HIV-infected patients and vaccinations login to view 5 more bullets Medical login to view 58 more bullets Complications Malignancy Cardiovascular and pulmonary disease HIV-associated dementia login to view 2 more bullets Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome login to view 3 more bullets Prognosis High mortality rate (> 90%) in untreated patients