Snapshot A 60-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with fever, chills, sudden flank pain, and gross hematuria. She has a history of recurrent urinary tract infections. Urinalysis reveals pyuria, hematuria, proteinuria, and dead tissue. An intravenous urography is obtained, revealing a ring sign. She is immediately given hydration and appropriate antibiotics. Introduction Clinical definition login to view 1 more bullet Epidemiology Incidence login to view 1 more bullet Demographics login to view 2 more bullets Risk factors login to view 11 more bullets Etiology Pathogenesis login to view 6 more bullets Presentation History login to view 4 more bullets Symptoms login to view 4 more bullets Physical exam login to view 1 more bullet Imaging Radiographs login to view 8 more bullets CT login to view 11 more bullets Intravenous urography login to view 8 more bullets Studies Labs login to view 2 more bullets Urinalysis login to view 5 more bullets Differential Nephrolithiasis login to view 1 more bullet Tubulointerstitial nephritis login to view 1 more bullet Treatment Conservative login to view 1 more bullet Medical login to view 6 more bullets Complications Chronic pyelonephritis Sepsis Prognosis Prognostic variable login to view 3 more bullets