Snapshot A 3-year-old boy is brought to the ER with an abrupt onset of fever (40 degrees Celsius), respiratory distress, and stridor. On examination, the boy appears acutely ill. He is sitting, leaning forward with his mouth open, and drooling. Introduction A medical emergency and cause of life threatening airway obstruction login to view 1 more bullet Epidemiology Affects children from age 3-7 Worldwide incidence has deceased with use of the H. flu vaccine and is now more commonly caused by S. pneumoniae or S. pyogenes in vaccinated populations ETIOLOGY Pathogenesis login to view 2 more bullets Presentation Symptoms login to view 6 more bullets Physical exam login to view 3 more bullets imaging Radiographs login to view 5 more bullets Fiber optic examination login to view 3 more bullets studies Throat swap login to view 1 more bullet Differential Croup, tracheitis, foreign body, retropharyngeal abscess, angioedema, laryngomalacia, vascular ring login to view 4 more bullets Treatment Endotracheal intubation login to view 2 more bullets Tracheostomy login to view 1 more bullet IV antibiotics login to view 3 more bullets