Normal Development Landmarks

(M2.PD.15.196) A mother brings her 10 month-old boy to the pediatrician for a check-up. His birth was without complications and his development to-date has been progressing normally. He currently crawls, pulls himself up to standing, says 'mama' and 'dada' nonspecifically, and responds when called by his name. However, his mother is concerned, as she has noted over the past several weeks that he has periods where he stops breathing when he gets frightened or upset. These episodes last for 20-30 seconds and are accompanied by his lips and face become bluish. His breathing has always resumed normally within 45 seconds after the start of the episode, and he acts normally afterwards. One instance resulted in the child passing out for a 5-10 seconds before a spontaneous recovery. Which of the following is the most appropriate management of this patient's condition?

(M2.PD.15.5) A 5-year-old male is brought to the pediatrician by his mother, who relates a primary complaint of a recent history of five independent episodes of vomiting over the last 10 months, most recently 3 weeks ago. Each time, he has awoken early in the morning appearing pale, feverish, lethargic, and complaining of severe nausea. This is followed by 8-12 episodes of non-bilious vomiting over the next 24 hours. Between these episodes he returns to normal activity. He has no significant past medical history and takes no other medications. Review of systems is negative for changes in vision, gait disturbance, or blood in his stool. His family history is significant only for migraine headaches. Vital signs and physical examination are within normal limits. Initial complete blood count, comprehensive metabolic panel, and abdominal radiograph were unremarkable. What is the most likely diagnosis?

(M2.PD.15.21) A 1-year-old male presents to his pediatrician for a well-child visit. Through a history from the mother and physical examination, the pediatrician learns that the baby babbles non-specifically, takes several steps independently, and picks up his cereal using two fingers. His weight is currently 22 lbs (birth-weight 6 lbs, 9 oz), and his height is 30 inches (birth length 18 inches). Are there any aspects of this child's development that are delayed?

(M2.PD.15.52) A mother brings her 4-year-old son to his pediatrician. Over the last eight months, her son has been exhibiting several "odd" behaviors. Most importantly, he repeatedly says that he is playing games with a friend named "Steven," though she is certain that he does not exist. She has often found him acting out magical scenarios as though someone else is present, when no one is there. What is the most likely diagnosis in this patient?

(M2.OMB.4843) A 3-year-old girl is brought to the office for a routine well-child appointment. She was delivered preterm at 35 weeks, and her medical history is significant for several ear infections over the last year. Her older brother has been diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), but the rest of her family history is otherwise unremarkable. The patient has become more withdrawn lately and has sometimes been ignoring her parents when asked to perform tasks at home. This seems to have worsened over the last 8 weeks. Otherwise, the patient is energetic and started preschool 3 months ago. Her temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), blood pressure is 98/62 mmHg, pulse is 97/min, and respirations are 26/min. The patient successfully draws a square and can stand on 1 foot. Her language skills are unchanged from her appointment 6 months ago. Her neurological examination is normal, and she is at the 50th percentile for height and weight. She seems distracted during the interview and responds only intermittently to the physician’s directions. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?