Introduction Overview login to view 6 more bullets Hematologic Hypercoagulable state login to view 3 more bullets Plasma volume ↑ by 30-50% login to view 4 more bullets RBC mass ↑ by 30% login to view 6 more bullets Mild neutrophilia login to view 2 more bullets Slight thrombocytopenia (still within normal limits) Returns to normal 6-8 weeks postpartum Cardiac 1st trimester login to view 6 more bullets 2nd trimester login to view 3 more bullets 3rd trimester login to view 10 more bullets Flow changes login to view 5 more bullets Complications login to view 2 more bullets Pulmonary Mucosal hyperemia login to view 2 more bullets Tidal volume ↑ → resting minute ventilation ↑ login to view 5 more bullets Functional residual capacity (FRC) ↓ by 20% login to view 2 more bullets Diaphragm is elevated by expanding uterus Vital capacity, inspiratory reserve, forced expiratory volume (FEV1), and maternal oxygenation do not change Dyspnea of pregnancy login to view 2 more bullets Gastrointestinal Progesterone ↑ leads to login to view 5 more bullets Cholesterol secretion ↑ login to view 2 more bullets Hemorrhoids due to login to view 3 more bullets Renal Kidney size ↑ Progesterone ↑ leading to login to view 3 more bullets Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) ↑ login to view 2 more bullets Glucosuria login to view 2 more bullets Proteinuria login to view 3 more bullets Serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) ↓ login to view 2 more bullets Hyponatremia of pregnancy login to view 1 more bullet Endocrine Pituitary gland size and vascularity ↑ login to view 1 more bullet Fasting glucose ↓ Post-prandial glucose ↑ login to view 1 more bullet Thyroid binding globulin (TBG) ↑ login to view 3 more bullets Cortisol and cortisol binding protein ↑ Skin Normal skin changes during pregnancy mimic liver disease login to view 3 more bullets Hyperpigmentation due to login to view 9 more bullets Acne Vericose veins Striae