Snapshot A 45-year-old African American G2P2 woman presents with abnormal uterine bleeding. She reports irregular spotting between periods and pain with intercourse. Physical exam reveals a mobile, asymmetric, nontender uterus with multiple nodular abnormalities. A Transvaginal ultrasound shows hyperchoic masses within the uterine wall. She decides to undergo a hysterectomy because she does not want any more children. Overview Introduction Otherwise known as fibroids Leiomyomas are smooth muscle growths of the uterine myometrium can be intramural submucosal subserosal Epidemiology (most common) benign uterine tumor tumor in females seen in African Americans (5x more common) occurs in women 20-40 years of age Often present with multiple discrete tumors Presentation Symptoms sensitive to estrogen levels tumor growth and increased symptoms during pregnancy decreased symptoms during menopause symptoms depend on location of leiomyoma intramural asymptomatic submucosal intermenstrual bleeding and menorrhagia subserosal compression of bladder, rectum, or ureter pelvic pain urinary or bowel issues Physical exam uterus is enlarged firm mobile asymmetric nontender multiple tumors Evaluation Diagnosed with clinical history and exam Diagnosis confirmed with sonogram transvaginal ultrasound has high sensitivity (95-100%) hyperechoic, well-circumscribed round masses Labs β-hCG to rule out pregnancy Histology whorled pattern of smooth muscle bundles Differential Diagnosis Leiomyosarcoma Adenomyosis Endometrial polyp Pregnancy Treatment If asymptomatic observation fibroids can shrink substantially postpartum and after menopause If symptomatic NSAIDs for dysmenorrhea OCPs for abnormal uterine bleeding GnRH analogs to shrink fibroids pre-surgery surgical management myomectomy preserves childbearing potential uterine artery embolization preserves childbearing potential if myomectomy is not an option hysterectomy definitive therapy Prognosis, Prevention, and Complications Prognosis having symptomatic fibroids decreases quality of life Complications very rarely (if at all) transforms into leiomyosarcoma infertility iron deficiency anemia
QUESTIONS 1 of 5 1 2 3 4 5 Previous Next Lab Values Blood Hematologic Cerebrospinal Sweat, Urine, and BMI Blood, Plasma, Serum Reference Range ALT 8-20 U/L Amylase, serum 25-125 U/L AST 8-20 U/L Bilirubin, serum (adult) Total // Direct 0.1-1.0 mg/dL // 0.0-0.3 mg/dL Calcium, serum (Ca2+) 8.4-10.2 mg/dL Cholesterol, serum Rec: < 200 mg/dL Cortisol, serum 0800 h: 5-23 μg/dL //1600 h: 3-15 μg/dL 2000 h: ≤ 50% of 0800 h Creatine kinase, serum Male: 25-90 U/LFemale: 10-70 U/L Creatinine, serum 0.6-1.2 mg/dL Electrolytes, serum Sodium (Na+) 136-145 mEq/L Chloride (Cl-) 95-105 mEq/L Potassium (K+) 3.5-5.0 mEq/L Bicarbonate (HCO3-) 22-28 mEq/L Magnesium (Mg2+) 1.5-2.0 mEq/L Estriol, total, serum (in pregnancy) 24-28 wks // 32-36 wks 30-170 ng/mL // 60-280 ng/mL 28-32 wk // 36-40 wks 40-220 ng/mL // 80-350 ng/mL Ferritin, serum Male: 15-200 ng/mLFemale: 12-150 ng/mL Follicle-stimulating hormone, serum/plasma Male: 4-25 mIU/mL Female: premenopause: 4-30 mIU/mL midcycle peak: 10-90 mIU/mL postmenopause: 40-250 pH 7.35-7.45 PCO2 33-45 mmHg PO2 75-105 mmHg Glucose, serum Fasting: 70-110 mg/dL2-h postprandial:<120 mg/dL Growth hormone - arginine stimulation Fasting: <5 ng/mLProvocative stimuli: > 7ng/mL Immunoglobulins, serum IgA 76-390 mg/dL IgE 0-380 IU/mL IgG 650-1500 mg/dL IgM 40-345 mg/dL Iron 50-170 μg/dL Lactate dehydrogenase, serum 45-90 U/L Luteinizing hormone, serum/plasma Male: 6-23 mIU/mL Female: follicular phase: 5-30 mIU/mL midcycle: 75-150 mIU/mL postmenopause 30-200 mIU/mL Osmolality, serum 275-295 mOsmol/kd H2O Parathyroid hormone, serume, N-terminal 230-630 pg/mL Phosphatase (alkaline), serum (p-NPP at 30° C) 20-70 U/L Phosphorus (inorganic), serum 3.0-4.5 mg/dL Prolactin, serum (hPRL) < 20 ng/mL Proteins, serum Total (recumbent) 6.0-7.8 g/dL Albumin 3.5-5.5 g/dL Globulin 2.3-3.5 g/dL Thyroid-stimulating hormone, serum or plasma .5-5.0 μU/mL Thyroidal iodine (123I) uptake 8%-30% of administered dose/24h Thyroxine (T4), serum 5-12 μg/dL Triglycerides, serum 35-160 mg/dL Triiodothyronine (T3), serum (RIA) 115-190 ng/dL Triiodothyronine (T3) resin uptake 25%-35% Urea nitrogen, serum 7-18 mg/dL Uric acid, serum 3.0-8.2 mg/dL Hematologic Reference Range Bleeding time 2-7 minutes Erythrocyte count Male: 4.3-5.9 million/mm3Female: 3.5-5.5 million mm3 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Westergren) Male: 0-15 mm/hFemale: 0-20 mm/h Hematocrit Male: 41%-53%Female: 36%-46% Hemoglobin A1c ≤ 6 % Hemoglobin, blood Male: 13.5-17.5 g/dLFemale: 12.0-16.0 g/dL Hemoglobin, plasma 1-4 mg/dL Leukocyte count and differential Leukocyte count 4,500-11,000/mm3 Segmented neutrophils 54%-62% Bands 3%-5% Eosinophils 1%-3% Basophils 0%-0.75% Lymphocytes 25%-33% Monocytes 3%-7% Mean corpuscular hemoglobin 25.4-34.6 pg/cell Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 31%-36% Hb/cell Mean corpuscular volume 80-100 μm3 Partial thromboplastin time (activated) 25-40 seconds Platelet count 150,000-400,000/mm3 Prothrombin time 11-15 seconds Reticulocyte count 0.5%-1.5% of red cells Thrombin time < 2 seconds deviation from control Volume Plasma Male: 25-43 mL/kgFemale: 28-45 mL/kg Red cell Male: 20-36 mL/kgFemale: 19-31 mL/kg Cerebrospinal Fluid Reference Range Cell count 0-5/mm3 Chloride 118-132 mEq/L Gamma globulin 3%-12% total proteins Glucose 40-70 mg/dL Pressure 70-180 mm H2O Proteins, total < 40 mg/dL Sweat Reference Range Chloride 0-35 mmol/L Urine Calcium 100-300 mg/24 h Chloride Varies with intake Creatinine clearance Male: 97-137 mL/minFemale: 88-128 mL/min Estriol, total (in pregnancy) 30 wks 6-18 mg/24 h 35 wks 9-28 mg/24 h 40 wks 13-42 mg/24 h 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids Male: 3.0-10.0 mg/24 hFemale: 2.0-8.0 mg/24 h 17-Ketosteroids, total Male: 8-20 mg/24 hFemale: 6-15 mg/24 h Osmolality 50-1400 mOsmol/kg H2O Oxalate 8-40 μg/mL Potassium Varies with diet Proteins, total < 150 mg/24 h Sodium Varies with diet Uric acid Varies with diet Body Mass Index (BMI) Adult: 19-25 kg/m2 Calculator ( ) xy AC 7 8 9 ÷ 4 5 6 × 1 2 3 - 0 . = + Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK You have 100% on this question. Just skip this one for now. Take This Question Anyway (M2.GN.17.4754) A 37-year-old G1P000 presents to her obstetrician for her first prenatal visit. She states that her last menstrual period (LMP) was 11 weeks ago, though she is unsure of the exact date as her periods are sometimes irregular. She and her husband had 5 months of timed, unprotected intercourse before she had a positive home pregnancy test 2 weeks ago. She has been feeling generally well but notes some morning nausea and vomiting. She also mentions that for the last 6 months or so, she has felt increasing pelvic pressure and worsening urinary frequency but has not sought medical care for these symptoms. The patient has a history of obesity and hypertension but is not on any medications. Her mother had a hysterectomy at age 64 for fibroids, and her sister had a twin pregnancy after assisted reproduction. At this visit, the patient’s temperature is 98.3° F (36.8° C), blood pressure is 142/85 mmHg, pulse is 82/min, and respirations are 14/min. She has gained 4 pounds since the last time she weighed herself 4 months ago. On exam, the patient’s fundus is palpated at the umbilicus, her cervix is closed and firm, and there are no adnexal masses. Her lab results are shown below:ß-hCG: 81,324 mIU/mLThyroid stimulating hormone (TSH): 1.2 µIU/LWhich of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Review Topic | Tested Concept QID: 108706 Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Molar pregnancy 34% (11/32) 2 Dating error due to unreliable LMP 41% (13/32) 3 Leiomyomata 19% (6/32) 4 Multiple gestation pregnancy 6% (2/32) 5 Anteverted uterus 0% (0/32) L 2 Question Complexity C Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 3 You have 100% on this question. Just skip this one for now. Take This Question Anyway (M2.GN.13.254) A 32-year-old woman presents to clinic complaining of pelvic pain and heavy menstrual bleeding for the past 2 years. The patient reports that her last menstrual period was 1 week ago and she soaked through 1 tampon every 1-2 hours during that time. She does not take any medications and denies alcohol and cigarette use. She is currently trying to have a child with her husband. She works as a school teacher and exercises regularly. Her temperature is 97.0°F (36.1°C), blood pressure is 122/80 mmHg, pulse is 93/min, respirations are 16/min, and oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. Physical examination reveals an enlarged, irregularly-shaped uterus palpable at the level of the umbilicus. Laboratory studies are ordered as seen below.Hemoglobin: 9.0 g/dLHematocrit: 29%MCV: 70 fLLeukocyte count: 4,500/mm^3 with normal differentialPlatelet count: 188,000/mm^3Urine:hCG: NegativeBlood: NegativeLeukocytes: NegativeBacteria: NegativeWhich of the following is the most effective treatment for this patient? Review Topic | Tested Concept QID: 106210 Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Folate 1% (1/91) 2 Hysterectomy 9% (8/91) 3 Iron 75% (68/91) 4 Myomectomy 7% (6/91) 5 Oral contraceptive pills 5% (5/91) L 3 Question Complexity E Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 4