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Updated: Dec 28 2021

Hyperpigmentation Disorders

Images
https://upload.medbullets.com/topic/120078/images/lentigo8-s.jpg
https://upload.medbullets.com/topic/120078/images/melasma-pictures.jpg
https://upload.medbullets.com/topic/120078/images/seborrheic-keratosis.jpg
  • Overview
    • Freckle
      • Caused by normal number of melanocytes but increased melanin within basal keratinocytes
      • Darkens with sun exposure

      Lentigo
      • Pigmented macule caused by melanocyte hyperplasia
      • Does not darken with sun exposure
      Common mole
      • A benign tumor derived from melanocytes

      Photo

      Blue nevus
      • Form of common mole, a benign tumor derived from melanocytes
      • Black and blue nodule usually present at birth
      • Often mistaken for melanoma

      Photo

      Spitz nevus
      • Form of common mole, a benign tumor derived from melanocytes
      • Red-pink nodule
      • Often seen in children
      • Confused with hemangioma

      Photo

      Dysplastic nevus
      • Atypical, irregularly pigmented lesion
      • Increased risk of transformation into malignant melanoma

      Photo

      Dysplastic nevus synrome
      • Autosomal dominant inherited disease

      Photo

      Melasma
      • Mask-like hyperpigmentation seen in pregnancy on the face
      • Sunlight accentuates, soavoid sunlight
      • Treat with hydroquinone cream
      • Usually fades postpartum

      Xanthoma
      • Yellowish papules
      • Often accumulations of histiocytes
      • Can be idiopathic or associated with hyperlipidemia
      • Called xanthelasma when on eyelids
      • Treat by decreasing lipidemia
      • Surgically excise as needed

      Photo

      Acanthosis nigricans
      • Black, velvety plaques on flexor surfaces
      • Seen in obesity and endocrine disorders, namely insulin resistance
      • Can mark underlying malignancy

      Photo

      Seborrheic keratosis
      • Black or brown benign plaques
      • Appear to be stuck on skin
      • "Coin lesions"
      • Commonly seen in the elderly
      • Runs in families
      • Can be mistaken for melanoma
      • Liquid nitrogen freezing, if not too many

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