Snapshot A 25-year-old woman presents to clinic for hair loss. She had been dealing with hair loss for a few months and reports an itching in her scalp. She is worried about an infestation of her hair and often picks at her scalp. She is preoccupied with these thoughts, which occur almost every hour, and has sought care at multiple doctors, dermatologists, and even exterminators. No infestation has been identified on her scalp. On exam, she has multiple patches of hair loss, with varying lengths of hair growing from each patch, and negative hair-pull test, suggestive of trichotillomania. She is referred to psychiatry for suspected obsessive-compulsive disorder. Introduction Overview obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by obsessive intrusive thoughts, sensations, or feelings that may be relieved by repetitive compulsive mental or physical actions treatment is usually cognitive behavioral therapy or medications Epidemiology Incidence common, with a lifetime prevalence of 1.7-4% Demographics males are more likely to have onset in adolescence and to have a comorbid tic disorder Risk factors family history ETIOLOGY Pathogenesis mechanism exact pathogenesis is unclear but research suggests that there are abnormalities in serotonin neurotransmission twin studies also show a genetic influence, although a genetic mutation has not been identified disorder is ego-dystonic behavior inconsistent with one's own beliefs and attitudes separates OCD from obsessive-compulsive personality disorder Associated conditions patients often have other psychiatric comorbidities, including mood and anxiety disorders Tourette disorder treat with risperidone Presentation Symptoms obsessions and compulsions often occupy hours a day and interfere with daily life recurrent and persistent intrusive thoughts (obsessions) common obsessions include fear of contamination, need for symmetry, unwanted sexual thoughts, and doubts causes anxiety and distress repetitive behaviors (compulsions) hand washing putting items in order checking and rechecking tasks Physical exam hand dermatitis related to excessive hand washing patchy hair loss related to compulsive hair pulling or trichotillomania excoriations or prurigo nodules related to compulsive skin picking Studies Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive scale to evaluate range and severity of symptoms to monitor treatment response Differential Intrinsic atopic dermatitis key distinguishing factors treatment with topical steroids can help resolve rash treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy and control of compulsions may not result in resolution of rash Body dysmorphic disorder key distinguishing factors preoccupation with a perceived defect in one’s appearance, causing significant distress and dysfunction treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy Treatment Lifestyle cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) indications all patients some patients may not need pharmacologic treatment with successful behavioral therapy Medical serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) indications first-line often in addition to CBT tricyclic antidepressant indication second-line clomipramine antipsychotics indication used as augmentation therapy Complications Continued psychologic distress and functional impairment Prognosis Symptoms wax and wane, even with treatment
QUESTIONS 1 of 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 Previous Next Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK (M2.PY.16.4682) A 35-year-old woman presents to clinic in emotional distress. She states she has been unhappy for the past couple of months and is having problems with her sleep and appetite. Additionally, she reports significant anxiety regarding thoughts of dirtiness around the house. She states that she cleans all of the doorknobs 5-10 times per day and that, despite her actions, the stress related to cleaning is becoming worse. What is this patient's diagnosis? QID: 107299 Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) 100% (4/4) 2 Tic disorder 0% (0/4) 3 Panic Disorder (PD) 0% (0/4) 4 Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) 0% (0/4) 5 Obsessive compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) 0% (0/4) M 6 Question Complexity C Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 1 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic (M2.PY.16.100) An 11-year-old girl is brought into the clinic by her parents, who are distraught over her behavior. They state that over the past several months she has started to act oddly, combing the hair of her toy dolls for hours without stopping and repetitively counting her steps in the house. She is often brought to tears when confronted about these behaviors. The patient has no past medical history. When questioned about family history, the mother states she has needed close medical follow-up in the past, but declines to elaborate. The patient's vital signs are all within normal limits. On physical exam the patient is a well nourished 11-year-old girl in no acute distress. She has occasional motor tics, but the remainder of the exam is benign. What is the diagnosis in this patient? QID: 105770 Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 0% (0/2) 2 Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) 0% (0/2) 3 Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) 100% (2/2) 4 Tourette's syndrome 0% (0/2) 5 Major depressive disorder (MDD) 0% (0/2) M 6 Question Complexity C Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 3 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK (M3.PY.15.6) A 14-year-old girl presents to the pediatrician for behavior issues. The girl has been having difficulty in school as a result. Every time the girl enters her classroom, she feels the urge to touch every wall before heading to her seat. When asked why she does this, she responds, "I'm not really sure. I just can't stop thinking about it until I have touched each wall." The parents have noticed this behavior occasionally at home but were not concerned. The girl is otherwise healthy, has many friends, eats a balanced diet, does not smoke, and is not sexually active. Her temperature is 98.2°F (36.8°C), blood pressure is 117/74 mmHg, pulse is 80/min, respirations are 15/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Physical exam is notable for a healthy young girl. Neurologic exam is unremarkable. There is no observed abnormalities in behavior while the girl is in the office. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial step in management for this patient? QID: 102760 Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Clomipramine 0% (0/3) 2 Cognitive behavioral therapy 33% (1/3) 3 Fluoxetine 0% (0/3) 4 Lorazepam 67% (2/3) 5 Risperidone 0% (0/3) M 11 Question Complexity E Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 2 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic (M2.PY.15.77) An 11-year-old boy is brought to the doctor by his father because his father is worried about the boy's performance in school and his lack of a social life. His father is also worried about the ongoing bullying his son is experiencing due to swearing outbursts the boy has exhibited for several years. During these outbursts, the boy contorts his face, blinks repeatedly, and grunts. His father is worried that the bullying will worsen and would like to see if there is a medication that can help his son. Which of the following medications is most likely to be beneficial? QID: 106888 Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Valproic acid 0% (0/24) 2 Risperidone 71% (17/24) 3 Lamotrigine 8% (2/24) 4 Clonazepam 12% (3/24) 5 Lithium 0% (0/24) M 7 Question Complexity E Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 2 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic