Snapshot A 56-year-old man presents to his cardiologist for dyspnea. He previously had dyspnea with exertion. In the past few weeks, he has had dyspnea at rest as well. He also reports easy fatigability. He has a previous history of hypertension and ischemic heart disease. He currently takes statins, metoprolol, captopril, and furosemide. On physical exam, there is a holosystolic murmur heard best at the apex, a systolic thrill, and S3 heart sound. An echocardiogram reveals left ventricular hypertrophy, left atrial enlargement, and mitral regurgitation. Introduction Clinical definition login to view 2 more bullets Associated conditions login to view 1 more bullet Epidemiology Demographics login to view 1 more bullet Risk factors login to view 2 more bullets Etiology Acute login to view 4 more bullets Chronic login to view 7 more bullets Pathogenesis login to view 6 more bullets Presentation Symptoms login to view 5 more bullets Physical exam login to view 9 more bullets Imaging Chest radiography login to view 6 more bullets Echocardiography login to view 5 more bullets Studies Electrocardiogram login to view 3 more bullets Differential Ventricular septal defect (VSD) login to view 5 more bullets Diagnosis Making the diagnosis login to view 1 more bullet Treatment Management approach login to view 1 more bullet Medical login to view 13 more bullets Operative login to view 5 more bullets Complications Heart failure Cardiogenic shock Pulmonary hypertension Atrial fibrillation