Snapshot A 65-year-old man presents to his cardiologist for a check-up. His last appointment was 2 years ago. Since then, he reports that he has developed significant shortness of breath with exertion and easy fatigability. He has a past medical history of hypertension and coronary artery disease. On cardiac exam, there is a diastolic decrescendo murmur and bounding peripheral pulses. The physician also notices head bobbing. He is scheduled for an echocardiogram. Introduction Clinical definition login to view 2 more bullets Associated conditions login to view 2 more bullets Etiology Endocarditis Rheumatic heart disease login to view 1 more bullet Bicuspid aortic valve login to view 1 more bullet Hypertension Syphilis Aortic dissection Birth defects Pathogenesis login to view 3 more bullets Presentation Symptoms login to view 2 more bullets Physical exam login to view 15 more bullets Imaging Chest radiography login to view 4 more bullets Echocardiograph login to view 5 more bullets Studies Electrocardiogram login to view 2 more bullets Making the diagnosis login to view 1 more bullet Differential Mitral stenosis login to view 3 more bullets Treatment Management approach login to view 2 more bullets Conservative login to view 3 more bullets Medical login to view 20 more bullets Operative login to view 4 more bullets Complications Heart failure and pulmonary congestion Left ventricular hypertrophy