Snapshot A 67-year-old woman presents to the emergency department after falling while walking down the stairs of her home. She landed on her rear on a carpeted floor and denies hitting her head. She experienced severe pain in her right hip after the fall and is unable to bear weight on the affected side. Menopause began 17 years ago. She has smoked 1-pack of cigarettes for the past 40 years. On physical exam, her right leg is shortened, adducted, and externally rotated. Laboratory testing is unremarkable. Introduction Clinical definition login to view 1 more bullet Epidemiology Incidence login to view 3 more bullets Risk factors login to view 14 more bullets Etiology Pathogenesis login to view 14 more bullets Presentation Symptoms login to view 1 more bullet Physical exam login to view 1 more bullet Imaging DEXA login to view 5 more bullets Studies Labs login to view 1 more bullet Histology login to view 1 more bullet Differential Laboratory Abnormalities in Select Bone DisordersEtiologySerum PhosphateSerum CalciumSerum Alkaline PhosphataseParathyroid HormoneOsteomalacia / ricketsDecreasedDecreasedIncreasedIncreasedOsteoporosisNormalNormalNormalNormalOsteopetrosisNormalNormal or decreasedNormalNormalPaget disease of the boneNormalNormalElevatedNormalOsteitis fibrosa cysticaPrimary•hyperparathyroidism- decreasedSecondary•hyperparathyroidismincreasedPrimary•hyperparathyroidismincreasedSecondary•hyperparathyroidismdecreasedPrimary and secondary hyperparathyroidism increasedPrimary and secondary hyperparathyroidism increasedHypervitaminosis DIncreasedIncreasedNormalDecreased Treatment Conservative login to view 3 more bullets Medical login to view 10 more bullets Complications Fractures Prognosis Generally good if detected early and appropriately managed