Snapshot A 21-year-old man presents to the sports clinic for the evaluation of right-sided anterior shoulder pain that radiates to the biceps. The pain worsens when he pulls or lifts heavy objects and is also bothersome during the night. He plays football for his university where he trains approximately 5 times a week. On physical exam, there is tenderness of the right bicipital groove and a positive Speed's and Yergason's test. Introduction Clinical definition describes biceps tendon pain and tenderness Epidemiology incidence exact frequency is unknown demographics athletes 18-35 years of age location often the long head biceps tendon (LHBT) can occur in the distal biceps tendon risk factors patients who frequently pull, lift, reach, or throw are at risk Pathophysiology pathoantomy there are a number of possible causes shoulder pathology (e.g., impingement or instability) can contribute to proximal biceps tendinopathy changes in shoulder mechanics that stress the proximal LHBT results in pathologic progression of the tendon (tendinitis → chronic tenosynovitis → degenerative tendinosis) LHBT can become injuried via eccentric contraction of the biceps muscle (e.g., the decent phase of a pullup or shoveling heavy snow) Associated conditions shoulder pathology (e.g., issues with the rotator cuff and scapular stabilizers) Prognosis patients can fully recover within 6-8 weeks with proper management Presentation Symptoms anterior shoulder pain with distal radiation over the biceps muscle (classic) pain worsens with lifting, pulling, or performing repetitive overhead activities Physical exam bicipital groove tenderness upon palpation of the LHBT point tenderness of the biceps tendon has been regarded as pathognomonic for injury of the biceps tendon Speed's test maneuver arm is fully supinated and extended with the shoulder flexed the patient is asked to elevate the arm against resistance by the examiner positive result elicited anterior shoulder pain is considered a positive Speed's test Yergason's test maneuver arm is adducted to the patient's side, is pronated, and flexed 90° at the elbow the patient attempts to supinate and externally rotate the arm against resistance by the examiner positive result elicited pain at the long biceps tendon Imaging Radiographs indications to evaluate for bony causes of impingement to rule out other causes of shoulder pain Ultrasound indications can be useful is assessing for bicep rupture, subluxation, and dislocation MRI indications if there is no improvement of symptoms after treatment or if the diagnosis is unclear can be considered when there is a need to also evaluate for shoulder pathology surgical planning Studies Diagnostic criteria this is a clinical diagnosis Differential Rotatory cuff pathology Glenohumeral osteoarthritis Adhesive capsulitis ("frozen shoulder") Cervical disk disease Treatment Conservative rest and activity modification indication considered initial treatment of biceps tendinopathy and usually with a trial of NSAIDs physical therapy indication can be used in cases of long-standing biceps tendinopathy or symptoms refractory to initial conservative treatment Medical NSAIDs indication usually in combination with rest in the initial treatment of biceps tendinopathy Ultrasound-guided glucocorticoid injections indication can be used in patients who are refractory to conservative management (e.g., physical therapy, activity modification, and NSAIDs) Complications Biceps tendon rupture patients can present with a "popeye" sign
QUESTIONS 1 of 1 1 Previous Next Lab Values Blood Hematologic Cerebrospinal Sweat, Urine, and BMI Blood, Plasma, Serum Reference Range ALT 8-20 U/L Amylase, serum 25-125 U/L AST 8-20 U/L Bilirubin, serum (adult) Total // Direct 0.1-1.0 mg/dL // 0.0-0.3 mg/dL Calcium, serum (Ca2+) 8.4-10.2 mg/dL Cholesterol, serum Rec: < 200 mg/dL Cortisol, serum 0800 h: 5-23 μg/dL //1600 h: 3-15 μg/dL 2000 h: ≤ 50% of 0800 h Creatine kinase, serum Male: 25-90 U/LFemale: 10-70 U/L Creatinine, serum 0.6-1.2 mg/dL Electrolytes, serum Sodium (Na+) 136-145 mEq/L Chloride (Cl-) 95-105 mEq/L Potassium (K+) 3.5-5.0 mEq/L Bicarbonate (HCO3-) 22-28 mEq/L Magnesium (Mg2+) 1.5-2.0 mEq/L Estriol, total, serum (in pregnancy) 24-28 wks // 32-36 wks 30-170 ng/mL // 60-280 ng/mL 28-32 wk // 36-40 wks 40-220 ng/mL // 80-350 ng/mL Ferritin, serum Male: 15-200 ng/mLFemale: 12-150 ng/mL Follicle-stimulating hormone, serum/plasma Male: 4-25 mIU/mL Female: premenopause: 4-30 mIU/mL midcycle peak: 10-90 mIU/mL postmenopause: 40-250 pH 7.35-7.45 PCO2 33-45 mmHg PO2 75-105 mmHg Glucose, serum Fasting: 70-110 mg/dL2-h postprandial:<120 mg/dL Growth hormone - arginine stimulation Fasting: <5 ng/mLProvocative stimuli: > 7ng/mL Immunoglobulins, serum IgA 76-390 mg/dL IgE 0-380 IU/mL IgG 650-1500 mg/dL IgM 40-345 mg/dL Iron 50-170 μg/dL Lactate dehydrogenase, serum 45-90 U/L Luteinizing hormone, serum/plasma Male: 6-23 mIU/mL Female: follicular phase: 5-30 mIU/mL midcycle: 75-150 mIU/mL postmenopause 30-200 mIU/mL Osmolality, serum 275-295 mOsmol/kd H2O Parathyroid hormone, serume, N-terminal 230-630 pg/mL Phosphatase (alkaline), serum (p-NPP at 30° C) 20-70 U/L Phosphorus (inorganic), serum 3.0-4.5 mg/dL Prolactin, serum (hPRL) < 20 ng/mL Proteins, serum Total (recumbent) 6.0-7.8 g/dL Albumin 3.5-5.5 g/dL Globulin 2.3-3.5 g/dL Thyroid-stimulating hormone, serum or plasma .5-5.0 μU/mL Thyroidal iodine (123I) uptake 8%-30% of administered dose/24h Thyroxine (T4), serum 5-12 μg/dL Triglycerides, serum 35-160 mg/dL Triiodothyronine (T3), serum (RIA) 115-190 ng/dL Triiodothyronine (T3) resin uptake 25%-35% Urea nitrogen, serum 7-18 mg/dL Uric acid, serum 3.0-8.2 mg/dL Hematologic Reference Range Bleeding time 2-7 minutes Erythrocyte count Male: 4.3-5.9 million/mm3Female: 3.5-5.5 million mm3 Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (Westergren) Male: 0-15 mm/hFemale: 0-20 mm/h Hematocrit Male: 41%-53%Female: 36%-46% Hemoglobin A1c ≤ 6 % Hemoglobin, blood Male: 13.5-17.5 g/dLFemale: 12.0-16.0 g/dL Hemoglobin, plasma 1-4 mg/dL Leukocyte count and differential Leukocyte count 4,500-11,000/mm3 Segmented neutrophils 54%-62% Bands 3%-5% Eosinophils 1%-3% Basophils 0%-0.75% Lymphocytes 25%-33% Monocytes 3%-7% Mean corpuscular hemoglobin 25.4-34.6 pg/cell Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 31%-36% Hb/cell Mean corpuscular volume 80-100 μm3 Partial thromboplastin time (activated) 25-40 seconds Platelet count 150,000-400,000/mm3 Prothrombin time 11-15 seconds Reticulocyte count 0.5%-1.5% of red cells Thrombin time < 2 seconds deviation from control Volume Plasma Male: 25-43 mL/kgFemale: 28-45 mL/kg Red cell Male: 20-36 mL/kgFemale: 19-31 mL/kg Cerebrospinal Fluid Reference Range Cell count 0-5/mm3 Chloride 118-132 mEq/L Gamma globulin 3%-12% total proteins Glucose 40-70 mg/dL Pressure 70-180 mm H2O Proteins, total < 40 mg/dL Sweat Reference Range Chloride 0-35 mmol/L Urine Calcium 100-300 mg/24 h Chloride Varies with intake Creatinine clearance Male: 97-137 mL/minFemale: 88-128 mL/min Estriol, total (in pregnancy) 30 wks 6-18 mg/24 h 35 wks 9-28 mg/24 h 40 wks 13-42 mg/24 h 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids Male: 3.0-10.0 mg/24 hFemale: 2.0-8.0 mg/24 h 17-Ketosteroids, total Male: 8-20 mg/24 hFemale: 6-15 mg/24 h Osmolality 50-1400 mOsmol/kg H2O Oxalate 8-40 μg/mL Potassium Varies with diet Proteins, total < 150 mg/24 h Sodium Varies with diet Uric acid Varies with diet Body Mass Index (BMI) Adult: 19-25 kg/m2 Calculator ( ) xy AC 7 8 9 ÷ 4 5 6 × 1 2 3 - 0 . = + You have 100% on this question. Just skip this one for now. Take This Question Anyway (M2.OR.4798) A 69-year-old male presents to his primary care physician for pain in his arm. The patient states that his father recently died of a heart attack which motivated him to join his local gymnasium. After completing a set of weight lifting, he felt a "pop" in his right arm, followed by pain. Since the incident, he has been unable to carry items or lift his arm over his head without difficulty and pain. The patient has a past medical history of obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and constipation. His current medications include lisinopril, metformin, insulin, and fiber supplements. On physical exam, you note pain with flexion of the forearm and abduction of the arm with 1/5 strength. There is also weakness of abduction of the affected arm with 3/5 strength. Inspection of the upper extremity reveals the finding in Figure A. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Review Topic | Tested Concept QID: 109206 FIGURES: A Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Supraspinatus rupture 2% (1/43) 2 Infraspinatus rupture 5% (2/43) 3 Biceps tendinopathy 2% (1/43) 4 Biceps tendon rupture 84% (36/43) 5 Biceps muscle tear 5% (2/43) M2 D Tested Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 4
All Videos (2) Podcasts (0) Login to View Community Videos Login to View Community Videos Yergason's tests Moises Dominguez Orthopedics - Biceps Tendinopathy 3/7/2017 136 views Login to View Community Videos Login to View Community Videos Speed's Test Moises Dominguez Orthopedics - Biceps Tendinopathy 3/7/2017 127 views