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Updated: Jan 20 2022

Magnesium

  • Deficiency
    • Hypomagnesemia
      • causes
        • poor diet
        • alcoholism
        • poorly controlled diabetes
      • presentation
        • hyperexcitability
        • muscle cramps
        • tetany
        • palpitations
        • hypocalcemia
          • may present with paresthesias, weakness, and muscle cramping
          • can cause QT prolongation
          • symptomatic hypocalcemia requires repletion
        • hypokalemia
          • may present with weakness, cramps, and U-waves on ECG
          • refractory to potassium repletion
      • diagnosis
        • serum magnesium level
          • does not always correlate with intracellular magnesium level
            • replete if hypomagnesemia suspected
    • Hypermagnesemia
      • causes
        • renal failure
        • exogenous usage (preeclampsia, eclampsia)
      • presentation
        • apnea
        • areflexia
        • paralysis
      • treatment
        • stop giving magnesium
        • calcium
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