Snapshot A 2-day-old girl presents for multiple seizure episodes and is admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. She was born to a 23-year-old woman at 29 weeks gestation via a spontaneous vaginal delivery. On physical exam, there is altered consciousness, hypotonia, a bulging anterior fontanelle, decreased spontaneous movement, and cyanosis. Cranial ultrasonography demonstrates a germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage. Introduction Definition login to view 1 more bullet Epidemiology Risk factors login to view 3 more bullets Pathogenesis Prematurity does not provide adequate structural support for the germinal matrix login to view 1 more bullet Presentation Symptoms login to view 2 more bullets Physical exam login to view 4 more bullets Imaging Cranial ultrasonography login to view 2 more bullets Differential Periventricular leukomalacia login to view 2 more bullets Treatment Medical login to view 3 more bullets Complications Cerebral palsy Cognitive impairment Neurodevelopmental delay