Toxicology Drug Introduction Toxicology medications can be broken down into the following categories metallic poisoning gas poisoning prescription drugs overdose illegal drugs overdose household substance overdose Metallic Poisoning Treatment Poison(s) Notes Deferoxamine Iron Used for aluminum poisoning in renal failure Used in iron overload with repeat transfusions (thalssemia) Iron over load, hemochromatosis Deferasirox Iron Used for aluminum poisoning in renal failure Used in iron overload with repeat transfusions (thalssemia) Iron over load, hemochromatosis Prussian blue Cesium Thallium Used in the case of a radioactive incident Penicillamine Copper (Wilson's disease) Water-soluble form of penicillin Avoid in patients who have penicillin allergy Chelates copper EDTA Lead Can chelate and deplete calcium ions Dimercaprol (BAL) Arsenic Lead Mercury Used in conjunction with EDTA for lead poisoning Arsenic poisoning garlic odor, cardiovascular instability, Mees lines Succimer Arsenic Lead Mercury Used more commonly in children Gas Poisoning Treatment Poison(s) Notes 100% O2 (consider hyperbaric O2) Carbon monoxide (CO) CO binds with much greater affinity (in particular to HbF) than O2 Amyl and sodium nitrite Sodium thiosulfate Hydroxocobalamin Cyanide Cyanide found in rodenticides "gopher goitter", released in burning of plastics and wool, and plants such as cassava Cyanide binds Fe3+ of cytochrome oxidase a3 of the electron transport chain (ETC) arresting cellular respiration Nitrites create methemoglobin (Fe3+) intentionally to compete for and bind cyanide so it does not get to the ETC Prescription Drug Overdose Treatment Poison(s) Notes N-acetylcysteine Acetaminophen Best if given with 8-10 hours Also a mucolytic Initial management: N-acetylcysteine, charcoal, and acetaminophen level Sodium bicarbonate Salicylates Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) First sign of OD is hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis Do not give with physostigmine First check an EKG for QRS prolongation, then treat with sodium bicarbonate in TCA overdose Potassium iodide Radioactive iodine (I-131) Given to prevent the uptake of I-131 Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl, acidic) Amphetamines (basic) Eliminates amphetamines by acidifying urine which results in a charged amphetamine molecule which is excreted Atropine Anticholinesterases Organophosphates Sarin (nerve gas) Removed contaminated clothing if patient was exposed to insectisides Atropine as an anti-cholinergic and combats the excess Ach Pralidoxime if given in a timely manner regenerates acetylcholinesterase reversing the condition (timing is critical) Pralidoxime Anticholinesterases Organophosphates Sarin (nerve gas) Removed contaminated clothing if patient was exposed to insectisides Atropine as an anti-cholinergic and combats the excess Ach Pralidoxime if given in a timely manner regenerates acetylcholinesterase reversing the condition (timing is critical) Physostigmine Antimuscarinic Anticholinergic agents Atropine overdose Do not give if patient may have TCA OD as it may lead to heart block or asystole Tertiary amine that can cross the blood brain barrier and reverse anticholinergic effects in the CNS Toxidrome: hot as a hare, dry as a bone, full as a flask, blind as a bat, red as a beet, and mad as a hatter Naloxone/naltrexone Opioids Precipitates withdrawal symptoms in chronic opioid users Use in patients with respiratory depression Opioid withdrawal will NOT kill a patient it is just unpleasant Flumazenil Benzodiazepines May cause seizures in addicted benzodiazepine users Rarely used with benzodiazepine overdose unless concerned for respiratory depression Otherwise let the patient "sleep off" the benzodiazepines Supportive/observation Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB) GABA analog Anabolic properties (used by bodybuilders) Date rape drug Agitation, bradycardia, respiratory depression, pinpoint pupils, somnolence, amnesia, and 6-8 hour duration of symptoms Glucagon β-blockers Glucagon, insulin, dextrose, calcium, lipid emulsion, and epinephrine are antidote Calcium, epinephrine, insulin, dextrose, and glucagon Calcium channel blockers (verapamil and diltiazem) Bradycardia Hypotension Hyperglycemia Heart block Supportive, naloxone Clonidine Methyldopa Similar toxidrome with miosis, bradycardia, hypotension, and somnolence Cessation of offending agent, dialysis Propylene glycol Solvent for phenytoin, diazepam/lorazepam, nitroglycerin Cardiovascular collapse (bradycardia, hypotension, vasodilation, increased vagal tone) Seizure, coma, lactic acidosis Osm gap and anion gap acidosis β-blockers (propranolol, esmolol) Theophylline Adenosine antagonist OD symptoms are due to β2 activation: hypotension, tachycardia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia Digitalis antibody, lidocaine, Mg2+ Digitalis Visual and GI symptoms classically seen in overdose Octreotide , dextrose, steroids Sulfonylureas Persistent hypoglycemia that recurs after treatment with dextrose Methylene blue Methemoglobin Iron in the heme molecule is Fe3+ which cannot bind oxygen until it is reduced to Fe2+ by treatment Vitamin C Methemoglobin Iron in the heme molecule is Fe3+ which cannot bind oxygen until it is reduced to Fe2+ by treatment Aminocaproic acid tPA Streptokinase Vitamin K Warfarin Bridge with heparin as warfarin can deplete protein C and S first (anticoagulants) leading to an initial prothrombotic state Plasma infusion Warfarin Bridge with heparin as warfarin can deplete protein C and S first (anticoagulants) leading to an initial prothrombotic state Protamine Heparin Protamine is a highly positively charged peptide which strongly binds to the negatively charged heparin Argatroban Heparin Direct thrombin inhibitor Household Substance Overdose Treatment Poison(s) Notes Ethanol IV infusion Fomepizole Antifreeze (ethylene glycol) Methanol Think antifreeze when ingested substance is said to be sweet and individual appears "drunk without the typical smell of alcohol" Fomepizole should be followed by dialysis Caustic fluid Perform endoscopy Irrigation for ocular exposure Do not try to induce vomiting in patient Could perhaps use small amount of diluent Hydrofluoric acid Irrigation Calcium gluconate (topical) Swelling and tenderness Hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia Other Treatment Poison(s) Notes Antivenin Crotaline envenomation (rattlesnake bite) Small parallel bite marks that ooze suggest envenomation Erythema, edema, swelling, and pain Antivenin, supportive Elapidae (coral snakes) Descending flaccid paralysis Respiratory failure Lethargy Bite is often painless Supportive Amanita phalloides Inhibits RNA polymerase Course nausea and vomiting symptom remission toxic appearance, nausea/vomiting, and elevated liver enzymes with stigmata of liver failure Supportive Amanita muscaria Hallucinogenic Delrium Sympathomimetic Agitation Synesthesia Removal of nematocysts/stinger Warm water immersion Rinsing with vinegar Jellyfish stings Pain Erythema Edema Cord like lesions Supportive therapy Caffeine overdose adenosine antagonist Tachycardia Palpitations Anxiety Supraventricular tachycardia Seizures Iron Poisoning Most deaths due to iron poisoning (ingestion of iron tablets) occur in children between 12 - 24 months of age Symptoms occur within 30 min to several hours abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, cyanosis, drowsiness, and hyperventilation resulting from acidosis Death can result in six hours, but an apparent recovery may happen from 6 - 12 hours with death ensuing in the next 12 hours If not treated early, damage to the stomach can lead to pyloric stenosis or gastric scarring Early treatment with deferoxamine can reduce mortality significantly from 45% to 1% Mechanism of action of iron related damage iron overdose results in the peroxidation of membrane lipids leading to cell death uncouples oxidative metabolism => anaerobic metabolism => lactic acidosis Toxic Alcohols Each are competitive substrates for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) Methanol metabolized by ADH to formaldehyde followed by aldehyde dehydrogenase to form formic acid which is toxic to the optic nerve early toxicity of formic acid is metabolic acidosis by formic acid itself formic acid also binds to cytochrome oxidase blocking oxidative phosphorylation resulting in lactic acidosis which is the latter and leading cause of the metabolic acidosis signs and symptoms appear within 12 - 24 hours after ingestion CNS depression methanol acts similarly as ethanol as a CNS depressant metabolic acidosis visual changes blindness occurs with as little as 30 mL and death at 100 mL ingestion Ethylene glycol colorless, odorless, sweet-tasting liquid toxicity derives from the hepatic oxidation of ethylene glycol to glycolic and oxalic acid degraded by same pathway as methanol the glycolic acid produced by aldehyde dehydrogenase is converted in oxalic acid oxalic acid binds calcium and forms calcium oxalate crystals that damage the heart, brain, lungs, kidneys signs and symptoms develop in stages after ingestion first stage: 0.5 - 12 hours stronger inebriant than methanol and ethanol causing mild depression of CNS resulting in seizures and coma patients appear "drunk without smelling like alcohol" within 4 - 12 hours, calcium oxalate crystals deposit in the brain causing CNS toxicity, cerebral edema, meningismus (nuchal rigidity, photophobia, headache without infection or inflammation) hypocalcemia occurs due to binding of calcium by oxalic acid and can cause prolonged QT, arrhythmias, myocardial depression second stage: 12 - 24 hours tachypnea occurs to offset the metabolic acidosis due to the toxic metabolites produced multiorgan failure (CHF, lung injury, myositis) due to widespread crystal deposition NOTE: most deaths occur in the second stage third stage: 24 - 72 hours acute anuric renal failure from crystal deposition but full recovery occurs within weeks to months Treatment IV ethanol (used historically) competitive substrate for ADH and has greater affinity for ADH than methanol and ethylene glycol fomepizole (best initial therapy) inhibits ADH preventing production of toxic metabolites should be followed by dialysis Isopropyl alcohol (isopropanol) common in alcoholics who have ran out of alcohol found in rubbing alcohol, disinfectants, and hand sanitizers signs and symptoms profoundly intoxicated (much more stuporous/ataxic than ethanol) nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain (from gastritis) smell of acetone osmolar gap without an anion gap acidosis Treatment supportive care Miscellaneous When behavioral changes are recognized in adolescents screen for substance use Seafood-Associated Toxins Tetrodotoxin Scombroid presentation peppery/bitter fish taste when consuming tuna, mahi mahi, herring, and mackerel symptoms GI abdominal pain diarrhea dermatologic urticaria flushed and warm skin pulmonary wheezing neurologic dizziness Ciguatoxin heat-stable neurotoxin inhibits voltage gated sodium channels symptoms GI (vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain) neurologic (perioral paresthesias, pruritus, metallic taste, painful dentition, sensation that teeth are loose, temperature related dysesthesias, and blurry vision) cardiac (bradycardia, heart block, and hypotension)
QUESTIONS 1 of 56 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 Previous Next Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK (M2.PH.17.4733) A 65-year-old man arrives to the emergency department (ED) complaining of pain and swelling in his right leg. The patient reports he recently underwent a total hip replacement. His past medical history is significant for hypertension and diabetes. His current medications include aspirin, lisinopril, metformin, and atorvastatin. On arrival, his temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 135/82 mmHg, pulse is 88/minute, and oxygen saturation is 99% O2. He denies chest pain or shortness of breath. On physical exam, his right leg appears moderately erythematous, swollen, and is tender to palpation. Other physical exam findings are negative. A complete blood count (CBC) was performed with the following findings:Hemoglobin: 13.0 g/dLLeukocyte count: 6500/mm^3Platelet count: 150,000/mm^3The appropriate anti-coagulation therapy is started. Seven days later the patient arrives back to the ED complaining of crushing substernal chest pain. An electrocardiogram is performed and is shown in Figure A. A CBC was performed with the following findings:Hemoglobin: 13.5 g/dLLeukocyte count: 8500/mm^3Platelet count: 58,000/mm^3INR: 2.5aPTT: 34 secondsFibrinogen level: 200 mg/dLTroponin T: 0.2 ng/mLOn physical exam, the right leg is again swollen and tender to palpation. However, a new lesion has also formed, as shown in Figure B. In addition to sending the patient for cardiac catherization, what is the most appropriate next step in management? QID: 108625 FIGURES: A B Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Administer alteplase 0% (0/29) 2 Administer a platelet infusion 0% (0/29) 3 Start plasmapheresis 0% (0/29) 4 Discontinue warfarin and maintain heparin 41% (12/29) 5 Discontinue heparin and start argatroban 59% (17/29) M 7 Question Complexity B Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 5 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK (M2.PH.17.4678) A 66-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with abdominal pain in the setting of progressively worsening constipation. He complains of epigastric pain that waxes and wanes, and expressed concern that he has not defecated for the past 5 days. Upon further questioning, he relates that he has been taking three of his wife's multivitamins each day for the past three weeks to "combat a cold." Vital signs are within normal limits. Physical exam reveals an abdomen with nonspecific tenderness to deep palpation without rebound tenderness, hyperpercussion, or flank tenderness. What is the most likely cause of his symptoms? QID: 107272 Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Magnesium overdose 33% (1/3) 2 Iron overdose 33% (1/3) 3 Potassium overdose 33% (1/3) 4 Folic acid overdose 0% (0/3) 5 Zinc overdose 0% (0/3) M 6 Question Complexity B Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 2 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic (M2.PH.17.4817) A 32-year-old female is brought to the emergency department by her boyfriend for confusion. He reports that the patient had told him that she was staying home from work because of her allergies, which had been bothering her all week. When the patient’s boyfriend arrived home, he found the patient agitated and disoriented. He reports that when he tried to talk to her, she was "out of it" and kept asking for water. The boyfriend also reports that the patient recently received a negative evaluation at work and that she has been stressed. The patient’s past medical history is otherwise significant for ADHD, depression, and seasonal allergies. Her medications include amphetamine, desipramine, intranasal ipratropium, and diphenhydramine as needed. Her temperature is 102°F (38.9°C), blood pressure is 122/82 mmHg, pulse is 132/min, and respirations are 18/min with an oxygen saturation of 98% O2 on room air. Upon physical exam, the patient is agitated and grabbing at the air. She also appears flushed, her pupils are dilated, and she has scattered urticaria. The patient's EKG can be seen in Figure A. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for this patient? QID: 109380 FIGURES: A Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Activated charcoal 4% (2/47) 2 Atropine 2% (1/47) 3 Physostigmine 43% (20/47) 4 Pyridostigmine 15% (7/47) 5 Sodium bicarbonate 32% (15/47) M 7 Question Complexity B Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 3 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic (M2.PH.17.146) A mother presents to the family physician with her 16-year-old son. She explains, "There's something wrong with him doc. His grades are getting worse, he's cutting class, he's gaining weight, and his eyes are often bloodshot." Upon interviewing the patient apart from his mother, he seems withdrawn and angry at times when probed about his social history. The patient denies abuse and sexual history. What initial test should be sent to rule out the most likely culprit of this patient's behavior? QID: 105816 Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Complete blood count 0% (0/10) 2 Blood culture 0% (0/10) 3 Sexually transmitted infection (STI) testing 10% (1/10) 4 Urine toxicology screen 80% (8/10) 5 Slit eye lamp testing 10% (1/10) M 5 Question Complexity B Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 4 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK (M3.PH.16.35) A man is brought into the emergency department by the police department. The officer state that the man has been arrested multiple times for public alcohol intoxication, but recently became homeless. On exam, the man is behaving erratically. His vitals are all within normal limits. He appears confused and has a slurred speech. On gait exam, the patient is ataxic and cannot stand without support for more than a few seconds. Labs return with the following values: Na 140, K 4, Cl 106, BUN 8, Cr 2. His ABG has pH 7.3, PaCO2 30mm, PaO2 130mm, HCO3 7. His urinalysis is shown in Figure 1. Blood salicylate levels return as normal. While you await other diagnostic tests, which of the following should be administered next to treat this patient? QID: 102976 FIGURES: A Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Ethanol 22% (2/9) 2 Naltrexone 0% (0/9) 3 Naloxone 11% (1/9) 4 Flumazenil 0% (0/9) 5 Fomepizole 67% (6/9) M 11 Question Complexity D Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 5 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic (M2.PH.16.4689) A 45-year-old with a past history of being admitted for alcohol withdrawal and acute alcohol toxicity presents to the emergency department with ataxia. He is stuporous and does not respond to questions appropriately, often yelling and falling down. On exam, the patient has visual impairment and cannot read the Snellen chart correctly. Figure A shows his retina on ophthalmologic exam. His electrolytes are Na 140, K 3.0, Cl 95, HCO3 15, BUN 27, Cr 1.2. Which of the following can be administered intravenously to treat this patient in addition to intravenous fluids, thiamine, vitamin B12 and folate? QID: 107516 FIGURES: A Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Naloxone 9% (1/11) 2 Sodium bicarbonate 18% (2/11) 3 Ethanol 55% (6/11) 4 Flumazenil 9% (1/11) 5 Glucagon 9% (1/11) M 7 Question Complexity C Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 3 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK (M2.PH.15.12) A 44-year-old homeless man is brought to the emergency department after he was arrested when found intoxicated in someone's garage. The patient is acutely altered and is covered in urine, stool, and vomit. His temperature is 97.6°F (36.4°C), blood pressure is 104/64 mmHg, pulse is 130/min, respirations are 19/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. The patient is aroused with pain and begins answering basic questions. He states his vision is blurry and he can't see anything. Laboratory values are ordered as seen below. Serum:Na+: 141 mEq/LCl-: 102 mEq/LK+: 4.4 mEq/LHCO3-: 14 mEq/LBUN: 25 mg/dLGlucose: 99 mg/dLCreatinine: 1.4 mg/dLCa2+: 10.2 mg/dLWhich of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment of this patient? QID: 105649 Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Glutathione formation 12% (3/25) 2 Inhibition of alcohol dehydrogenase 20% (5/25) 3 Inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase 48% (12/25) 4 Muscarinic antagonism 12% (3/25) 5 Removal via dialysis 0% (0/25) M 6 Question Complexity D Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 2 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic (M2.PH.15.11) A 34-year-old male is brought to the emergency department by paramedics after being found down on the sidewalk. The paramedics are unable to provide any further history and the patient in unresponsive. On exam, the patient's vitals are: T: 36 deg C, HR: 65 bpm, BP: 100/66, RR: 4, SaO2: 96%. The emergency physician also observes the findings demonstrated in figures A and B. This patient most likely overdosed on which of the following? QID: 105648 FIGURES: A B Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Cocaine 0% (0/31) 2 Marijuana 0% (0/31) 3 Alcohol 0% (0/31) 4 Heroin 94% (29/31) 5 Phencyclidine 0% (0/31) M 6 Question Complexity D Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 4 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic (M3.PH.15.3) A 5-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department after drinking a bottle of drain cleaner. It is unknown how much the child drank. She has a past medical history of Down syndrome and obesity. The patient's vitals are unremarkable. Physical exam is notable for a child in no acute distress. She is tolerating her oral secretions and interactive. Inspection of the oropharynx is unremarkable. Which of the following is appropriate management of this patient? QID: 105401 Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Dilute hydrochloric acid 27% (6/22) 2 Endoscopy 18% (4/22) 3 Intubation 0% (0/22) 4 Observation 14% (3/22) 5 Polyethylene glycol 41% (9/22) M 10 Question Complexity D Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 2 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic (M2.PH.15.8) A 4-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother with stomach pain and vomiting for the last 7 hours. His mother is pregnant and states that she is taking nutritional supplements prescribed by her doctor. She mentions that her son ingested some supplements after confusing them for candy. Arterial blood gas was drawn, and he is found to have a pH of 7.2. Abdominal X-ray is shown in Figure A. After starting IV fluids, what other treatments should this patient receive? QID: 105645 FIGURES: A Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Ipecac 3% (1/30) 2 CaEDTA 3% (1/30) 3 Hemodialysis 3% (1/30) 4 N-acetylcysteine 0% (0/30) 5 Deferoxamine 87% (26/30) M 7 Question Complexity B Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 5 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic (M2.PH.15.16) A 46-year-old homeless male presented to the emergency department intoxicated, but a serum ethanol level is normal. Results from a urine study are shown in Figure A. Which of the following findings would you most likely expect in this patient?I: elevated serum anion gapII: elevated serum osmolar gapIII: decreased serum pH QID: 104290 FIGURES: A Type & Select Correct Answer 1 I only 3% (1/31) 2 I and II 3% (1/31) 3 I and III 35% (11/31) 4 I, II, and III 45% (14/31) 5 II and III 6% (2/31) M 6 Question Complexity C Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 4 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic (M2.PH.14.12) A 37-year-old farmer presents to the emergency department with acute onset of complaints of diarrhea, excessive tearing, and increased saliva production. He is concerned that he is dehydrated, as he has also been urinating with increased frequency over the past several hours. His temperature is 97.6°F (36.4°C), blood pressure is 111/64 mmHg, pulse is 60/min, respirations are 10/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Physical exam is significant for a moderately agitated and diaphoretic man who demonstrates pinpoint pupils. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management? QID: 105622 Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Atropine 46% (6/13) 2 Diphenhydramine 8% (1/13) 3 Naloxone 0% (0/13) 4 Physostigmine 0% (0/13) 5 Transcutaneous pacing 46% (6/13) M 7 Question Complexity D Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 1 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic (M2.PH.14.14) A 3-year-old girl is brought to the emergency room by her mother. She has been vomiting repeatedly over the last several hours and is complaining of abdominal pain. The patient's mother reports that the emesis has contained streaks of blood. The patient has not had any prior medical issues. An abdominal radiograph is obtained and is shown in Figure A. Which of the following is likely to be found in this patient? QID: 105651 FIGURES: A Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Metabolic acidosis 24% (4/17) 2 Metabolic alkalosis 35% (6/17) 3 Mixed respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis 0% (0/17) 4 Respiratory acidosis 24% (4/17) 5 Respiratory alkalosis 12% (2/17) M 6 Question Complexity D Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 1 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic (M2.PH.14.15) A 22-year-old man is found unresponsive by his roommate on the floor of his apartment. He is immediately transported to the emergency department. The patient's medical history is unknown. His temperature is 100°F (37.8°C), blood pressure is 114/64 mmHg, pulse is 120/min, respirations are 21/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Physical exam in the ED is significant for a very lethargic and confused male with dilated pupils and global hyperreflexia. An ECG is performed as seen in Figure A. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management? QID: 105625 FIGURES: A Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Aspirin 12% (2/16) 2 Calcium gluconate 6% (1/16) 3 Physostigmine 19% (3/16) 4 Serum and urine toxicology 50% (8/16) 5 Sodium bicarbonate 12% (2/16) M 7 Question Complexity E Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 5 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic (M2.PH.14.9) A 55-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a concern of having sprayed a chemical in his eye. He states he was working on his car when his car battery sprayed a chemical on his face and eye. He states his eye is currently burning. His temperature is 99.0°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 129/94 mmHg, pulse is 85/min, respirations are 14/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Physical exam is notable for a teary and red left eye. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management? QID: 105619 Type & Select Correct Answer 1 CT orbits 0% (0/21) 2 Irrigation 100% (21/21) 3 Slit lamp exam 0% (0/21) 4 Surgical debridement 0% (0/21) 5 Visual acuity test 0% (0/21) M 7 Question Complexity D Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 2 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic (M2.PH.13.3) A 4-year-old girl presents to the emergency department after persistent vomiting and complaints that her abdomen hurts. Her parents came home to their daughter like this while she was at home being watched by the babysitter. The child is otherwise healthy. Family history is notable for depression, suicide, neuropathic pain, diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and angina. The child is now minimally responsive and confused. Her temperature is 100°F (37.8°C), blood pressure is 100/60 mmHg, pulse is 140/min, respirations are 22/min, and oxygen saturation is 100% on room air. Physical exam is notable for a confused girl who is vomiting bloody emesis into a basin. Laboratory studies are ordered as seen below.Serum:Na+: 140 mEq/LCl-: 101 mEq/LK+: 3.9 mEq/LHCO3-: 11 mEq/LBUN: 20 mg/dLGlucose: 99 mg/dLCreatinine: 1.0 mg/dLRadiography is notable for a few radiopaque objects in the stomach. Urine and serum toxicology are pending. Which of the following is the most likely intoxication? QID: 105613 Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Acetaminophen 5% (3/66) 2 Aspirin 3% (2/66) 3 Iron 5% (3/66) 4 Lead 74% (49/66) 5 Nortriptyline 12% (8/66) M 6 Question Complexity E Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 3 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK
All Videos (2) Login to View Community Videos Login to View Community Videos Cyanide Poisoning Drugs - Toxicology D 3/5/2019 197 views 5.0 (3) Login to View Community Videos Login to View Community Videos Tetrodotoxin (Pufferfish Poisoning) Drugs - Toxicology D 2/21/2019 73 views 5.0 (2) Drugs | Toxicology Drugs - Toxicology Listen Now 21:54 min 6/1/2021 327 plays 4.0 (1)