A 26-year-old Caucasian female presents to her primary care physician in January with several months of worsening fatigue and weight gain. She reports a gradual onset of daytime fatigue as well as difficulty sleeping, and she has been drinking several cups of coffee a day to stay awake at work. She notes that her new job involves long hours such that she often does not see daylight. She also feels that despite her appetite being unchanged, she has gained 12 pounds, mostly in her abdomen and hips. On review of systems, she also reports new onset constipation and noticed one episode of painless bright red blood per rectum on wiping. In addition, she has missed her menses in the last three months, which is unusual for her. She is sexually active and uses inconsistent contraception. She has a family history of type I diabetes in her sister and vitiligo in her mother. At this visit, the patient’s temperature is 98.5°F (36.9°C), blood pressure is 124/77 mmHg, pulse is 70/min, and respirations are 14/min. On exam, the patient appears tired but comfortable and conversant. The patient's eyebrows appear as those in Figure A, and the skin on her hands and face is noted to be dry. She has a capillary refill of 2 seconds, and there is no palpable thyroid nodularity or enlargement. The remainder of her exam is unremarkable. Which of the following laboratory abnormalities is most likely present in this patient?

A 57-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for weakness. The patient states that she barely feels able to lift a bag of groceries from her car into her house anymore. The patient has a past medical history of a suicide attempt, constipation, anxiety, asthma, and atopic dermatitis. Her current medications include fluoxetine, lisinopril, albuterol, diphenhydramine, sodium docusate, and a multivitamin. She was recently started on atorvastatin for dyslipidemia. Her temperature is 97°F (36.1°C), blood pressure is 150/95 mmHg, pulse is 50/min, respirations are 11/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. On physical exam, you note a fatigued appearing woman with thinning hair. Cardiopulmonary exam is within normal limits. She demonstrates 3/5 strength in her upper and lower extremities with 1+ sluggish reflexes. Sensation is symmetrical and present in the upper and lower extremities. Pain/tenderness upon palpation of the patient's extremities is noted. Laboratory values are ordered as seen below: Hemoglobin: 12 g/dL Hematocrit: 36% Leukocyte count: 5,500/mm^3 with normal differential Platelet count: 190,000/mm^3 Serum: Na+: 139 mEq/L Cl-: 101 mEq/L K+: 4.4 mEq/L HCO3-: 24 mEq/L BUN: 20 mg/dL Glucose: 90 mg/dL Creatinine: 1.1 mg/dL Ca2+: 10.1 mg/dL AST: 12 U/L ALT: 10 U/L Which of the following is the best next step in management?

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A six-year-old boy with a history of asthma currently uses an albuterol inhaler as needed to manage his asthma symptoms. His mother brings him into your office because she feels she has had to increase the patient’s use of his inhaler to four times per week for the past month. She also reports that he has woken up three times during the night from his symptoms this month. The boy reports that he is upset because he can’t always keep up with his friends in the playground. His past medical history is significant for allergic rhinitis. The patient’s temperature is 98°F (36.6°C), blood pressure is 110/70 mmHg, pulse is 88/min, and respirations are 18/min with an oxygen saturation of 98% O2 on room air. Auscultation of his lungs reveals bilateral late expiratory wheezes. What changes should be made to his current asthma treatment regimen?

A 65-year-old male is evaluated in clinic approximately six months after resolution of a herpes zoster outbreak on his left flank. He states that despite the lesions having resolved, he is still experiencing constant burning and hypersensitivity to touch in the distribution of the old rash. You explain to him that this complication can occur in 20-30% of patients after having herpes zoster. You also explain that vaccination with the shingles vaccine in individuals 60-70 years of age can reduce the incidence of this complication. What is the complication?

A 3-year-old girl is brought to the emergency room by her mother. She has been vomiting repeatedly over the last several hours and is complaining of abdominal pain. The patient's mother reports that the emesis has contained streaks of blood. The patient has not had any prior medical issues. An abdominal radiograph is obtained and is shown in Figure A. Which of the following is likely to be found in this patient?

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A 25-year-old woman presents to her physician with a four month history of fatigue and weakness. The weakness has been progressive to the point where she cannot climb stairs and stand from a sitting position. She has only had one menstrual period in the last four months and has never been pregnant. She smokes a pack of cigarettes every day and does not take any medications. Her temperature is 98°F (36.7°C), blood pressure is 160/100 mmHg, pulse is 70/min, and respirations are 15/min. She is obese with a significant pannus. Abdominal striae are present. Her laboratory workup is notable for the following: Serum: Na+: 142 mEq/L Cl-: 102 mEq/L K+: 3.9 mEq/L HCO3-: 25 mEq/L BUN: 20 mg/dL Glucose: 314 mg/dL Creatinine: 1.1 mg/dL Ca2+: 10.1 mg/dL AST: 9 U/L ALT: 8 U/L 24-hour urinary cortisol: 470 µg (< 300 µg) Serum cortisol 30 µg/mL (5-23 µg/dL) Serum adrenocorticotropin-releasing hormone (ACTH) 2 pg/mL (> 5 pg/mL) A 48-hour high dose dexamethasone suppression trial shows that her serum cortisol levels do not decrease. What is the best next step in management?

A 23-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance. The patient was found unconscious in his bedroom after a suicide attempt. The patient had cut his wrists using a kitchen knife. The patient is unresponsive and pale. His temperature is 96°F (35.6°C), blood pressure is 70/35 mmHg, pulse is 190/min, respirations are 19/min, and oxygen saturation is 92% on room air. Pressure is applied to his bilateral wrist lacerations. His Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is 7. A full trauma assessment is performed and reveals no other injuries. IV fluids are started as well as a rapid transfusion sequence. Norepinephrine is administered. Repeat vitals demonstrate that his blood pressure is 100/65 mmHg and pulse is 100/min. The patient is responsive and seems mildly confused. Resuscitation is continued and the patient's GCS improves to 15. Thirty minutes later, the patient's GCS is 11. His temperature is 103°F (39.4°C), blood pressure is 90/60 mmHg, pulse is 122/min, respirations are 22/min, and oxygen saturation is 99% on room air. The patient complains of flank pain. Laboratory values are ordered and demonstrate the following: Hemoglobin: 9 g/dL Hematocrit: 27% Leukocyte count: 10,500 cells/mm^3 with normal differential Haptoglobin: 11 mg/dL Platelet count: 198,000/mm^3 Serum: Na+: 139 mEq/L Cl-: 101 mEq/L K+: 4.4 mEq/L HCO3-: 23 mEq/L BUN: 27 mg/dL Glucose: 99 mg/dL Creatinine: 1.5 mg/dL Ca2+: 10.0 mg/dL Bilirubin: 3.2 mg/dL AST: 22 U/L ALT: 15 U/L Which of the following describes the most likely diagnosis?

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A 55-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a concern of having sprayed a chemical in his eye. He states he was working on his car when his car battery sprayed a chemical on his face and eye. He states his eye is currently burning. His temperature is 99.0°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 129/94 mmHg, pulse is 85/min, respirations are 14/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Physical exam is notable for a teary and red left eye. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 37-year-old farmer presents to the emergency department with acute onset of complaints of diarrhea, excessive tearing, and increased saliva production. He is concerned that he is dehydrated, as he has also been urinating with increased frequency over the past several hours. His temperature is 97.6°F (36.4°C), blood pressure is 111/64 mmHg, pulse is 60/min, respirations are 10/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Physical exam is significant for a moderately agitated and diaphoretic man who demonstrates pinpoint pupils. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

A 42-year-old obese female presents to the emergency room requesting a pregnancy test. On exam, blood pressure is 135/80 mmHg, heart rate is 79 bpm, respiratory rate is 18 bpm, and she is afebrile. Urine pregnancy test is found to be positive, and an abdominal ultrasound is ordered for staging. The technician inadvertently also scans the patient's right upper quadrant, and an image from this study is shown in Figure A. She denies present or history of episodic right upper quadrant pain. Which of the following is the next best step?

A 66-year-old man with a past medical history of coronary artery disease and obesity complains of left great toe swelling on the second day of his hospital stay for melena due to peptic ulcer disease. He describes significant pain at the metatarsal-phalangeal joint, and the radiographic findings are shown in Figure A. He also complains of chronic bilateral hip pain that has worsened during his admission. Temperature is 99.4°F (37.4°C), blood pressure is 142/91 mmHg, pulse is 92/min, respirations are 16/min. On examination, his left great toe is red, swollen and feels hot to the touch. Palpation of the hips does not elicit tenderness but active range of motion is slightly decreased. The patient's CBC shows a hemoglobin of 11.1 g/dL, white blood cell count of 10.3 x 10^9/L, and platelet count of 200,000/mL. A medication with which of the following mechanisms is the best treatment option for this patient’s acute joint symptoms?

A 27-year-old man arrives to your walk-in clinic complaining of neck pain. He reports that the discomfort began two hours ago, and now he feels like he can’t move his neck. He also thinks he is having hot flashes, but he denies dyspnea or trouble swallowing. The patient’s temperature is 99°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 124/76 mmHg, pulse is 112/min, and respirations are 14/min with an oxygen saturation of 99% O2 on room air. You perform a physical exam of the patient's neck, and you note that his neck is rigid and flexed to the left. You are unable to passively flex or rotate the patient's neck to the right. There is no airway compromise. The patient's was recently diagnosed with schizophrenia, and he denies current auditory or visual hallucinations. He appears anxious, but his speech is organized and appropriate. Which of the following is the best initial step in management?

A 24-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for bilateral nipple discharge. She states that this started recently and seems to be worsening. She denies any other current symptoms. The patient states that she is not currently sexually active, and her last menstrual period was over a month ago. Her medical history is notable for atopic dermatitis and a recent hospitalization for an episode of psychosis. Her temperature is 99.5°F (37.5°C), blood pressure is 110/65 mmHg, pulse is 70/min, respirations are 15/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Cardiopulmonary and abdominal exam are within normal limits. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's symptoms?

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A 25-year-old female with Hodgkin's lymphoma presents with a several day history of edema. Lab studies show: Serum Na+: 140 mmol/L Serum K+: 3.5 mmol/L Serum albumin: 1.9 g/dL Total serum bilirubin: 1.0 mg/dL Serum creatinine: 1.2 mg/dL Urinalysis shows 4+ proteinuria and fatty casts. What is the most likely diagnosis?

An asymptomatic 15-year-old high school wrestler with no family history of renal disease is completing his preseason physical exam. He submits a urine sample for a dipstick examination, which tests positive for protein. What is the next appropriate step in management?

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A 62-year-old man presents to the emergency department with increased fatigue and changes in his vision. For the past month, he has felt abnormally tired and today noticed his vision is blurry. The patient also endorses increased sweating at night and new-onset headaches. He currently feels dizzy. The patient has a medical history of diabetes and hypertension. His current medications include insulin, metformin, and lisinopril. His temperature is 99.5°F (37.5°C), blood pressure is 157/98 mmHg, pulse is 90/min, respirations are 17/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. A cardiopulmonary exam is within normal limits. HEENT exam reveals non-tender posterior and anterior chain lymphadenopathy. Abdominal exam reveals splenomegaly and hepatomegaly. There are large, non-tender palpable lymph nodes in the patient's inguinal region. A neurological exam is notable for decreased sensation in the patient's hands and feet. He also complains of numbness and tingling pain in his extremities that has been persistent during this time. The dermatologic exam is notable for multiple bruises on his upper and lower extremities. Which of the following is most likely to be abnormal in this patient?

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A 54-year-old woman is diagnosed with locally-advanced invasive ductal adenocarcinoma of the breast. She undergoes surgical resection, radiation therapy, and is now being started on adjunctive chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin. The patient is scheduled for follow up by her primary care provider. Which of the following tests should be performed regularly to monitor her current treatment regimen?

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A 32-year-old woman comes in to see her physician because she has had undiagnosed abdominal pain for the past 3 and a half years. Her pain is not related to meals and does not correspond to a particular time of day, although she does report nausea and bloating. In the past two years she has had two endoscopies, a colonoscopy, and an exploratory laproscopy - without any results. She is very concerned because her mother has a history of colon cancer. The patient has been unable to work or maintain a social life because she's constantly worrying about her pain, nausea, and bloating. What is this patient's most likely diagnosis?

A 34-year-old man is brought to a rural emergency department by ambulance after being involved in a motor vehicle accident. Paramedics report that the patient was driving the car and crashed into a tree at roughly 25 miles per hour. There were no passengers and he was awake but disoriented at the scene. His temperature is 97.9°F (36.6°C), blood pressure is 131/88 mmHg, pulse is 89/min, and respirations are 14/min. He is speaking but is confused, opens his eyes to voice commands, and follows simple commands. He has multiple lacerations on his face and arms and smells of alcohol and marijuana. His cardiac exam is normal and his lungs are clear to auscultation bilaterally. He has bruising over his abdomen without any tenderness to palpation, distension, or rigidity. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in management?

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