Review Question - QID 216462

An 11-year-old boy presents to the emergency department with a 2-day history of severe pain in both of his knees. He has taken ibuprofen and acetaminophen without improvement in his symptoms. He has a history of sickle cell disease and has been hospitalized for similar pain episodes, including 2 in the last year. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), blood pressure is 135/93 mmHg, pulse is 135/min, and respirations are 14/min. Physical examination is notable for tachycardia and limited passive range of motion of both lower extremities due to pain. He appears uncomfortable. He is administered intravenous fluids and morphine in the emergency room, which provide relief of his pain. In addition to avoidance of triggers, which of the following interventions can reduce the risk of future pain episodes in this patient?