Review Question - QID 210482

A 55-year-old man comes to the emergency department with blood in his urine and back pain. The pain is left-sided, colicky, and began acutely this morning. The pain occasionally radiates to his left groin. He also reports increased urinary frequency and an episode of blood-tinged urine. According to the patient, this has happened multiple times before. His medical history is notable for hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and obstructive sleep apnea. His current medications include aspirin, metformin, and lisinopril. His temperature is 100.4°F (38°C), blood pressure is 148/85 mmHg, pulse is 71/min, and respirations are 14/min with an oxygen saturation of 98% on room air. Physical examination is significant for left-sided costovertebral angle tenderness. A urine dipstick is heme-positive. A urinalysis is pending. Labs are drawn, as shown below:

Serum:
Na+: 144 mEq/L
Cl-: 95 mEq/L
K+: 4.3 mEq/L
HCO3-: 23 mEq/L
Urea nitrogen: 18 mg/dL
Glucose: 142 mg/dL
Creatinine: 1.0 mg/dL
Calcium: 7.8 mg/dL

A radiograph is obtained, as shown in Figure A. In addition to increasing fluid intake, which of the following can help prevent future episodes of the most likely diagnosis?