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1. Case-control study 2. Prospective cohort study
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1. Clinical trial 2. Cross sectional study
1. Cross sectional study 2. Retrospective cohort study
1. Prospective cohort study 2. Cross sectional study
1. Prospective cohort study 2. Retrospective cohort study
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The best way to assess incidence and prevalence is with a cohort study (any type) and a cross sectional study, respectively. Incidence is the number of new cases of a certain disease. This can be assessed with any study that looks at how many new cases of a disease occur, such as a cohort study. On the other hand, prevalence measures the total number of cases currently in existence. A study that looks at the total number that have a disease, such as a cross-sectional study, which takes a snapshot in time of a population, could provide this information. Incorrect Answers: Answer 1: Case-control studies compare a group with a disease (cases) with a group without the disease (controls). This would not offer information about incidence or prevalence. Answer 2: A clinical trial tests an intervention and randomly assigns participants. It would not necessarily give information about incidence or prevalence. Answer 3: A cross sectional study would give prevalence information rather than incidence information, and vice versa for a retrospective cohort study. Answer 5: Cohort studies may not be able to give prevalence data and are better suited for determining incidence. Bullet Summary: Incidence is the new number of cases of a disease, and prevalence is how many individuals are currently afflicted with the disease.
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