Select a Community
Are you sure you want to trigger topic in your Anconeus AI algorithm?
You are done for today with this topic.
Would you like to start learning session with this topic items scheduled for future?
1/2
0%
0/10
3/4
60%
6/10
1/4
40%
4/10
2/3
1/3
Select Answer to see Preferred Response
Two parents with sickle cell trait have a 75% chance of having an offspring without sickle cell anemia. Since sickle cell is an autosomal recessive disease, a child must receive an affected allele from both parents in order to manifest the disease. The probability that the child will NOT have the disease is 1 minus the probability that she will have the disease. The final equation is: 1-(1/2)*(1/2) = 3/4. Sickle cell disease is a disease more common in the African-American population due to its evolutionary advantage in populations historically exposed to malaria. It is characterized by a glutamate to valine mutation in the beta hemoglobin gene and causes red blood cells to be sickle shaped through the formation of hemoglobin S tetramers. This decreases their oxygen carrying capacity and in stressful conditions (such as hypoxia, infection, pain, sepsis), can cause conversion of the red blood cells (RBCs) to sickle and clot in vessels creating painful crises. The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends guidelines for screening sickle cell disease in newborns. They state that there is a high level of evidence (Grade A) to screen all newborns born in USA for sickle cell disease by HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) because it provides high sensitivity and specificity. They also mandate that infants with sickle cell disease should receive prophylactic penicillin and pneumococcal vaccines by two months of age. Sankaran et al. discuss the progress being made in new sickle cell therapies. Though the treatment so far has been supportive, limited to oxygen, pain management, and blood transfusions, new molecular targets have seen progress in helping those suffering from sickle cell. Though hydroxyurea, a fetal hemoglobin transducer, has shown to be important, it has been found that suppression of Bcl11a (a protein that inhibits fetal hemoglobin transcription) by RNA interference or gene ablation has allowed Hb F to reach therapeutic levels with minimal effects on other erythroid genes, thereby reducing clinical complications. Incorrect Answers: Answers 1, 3, 4, 5: These proportions do not represent the chances of the offspring being born without sickle cell anemia.
0.0
(0)
Please Login to add comment