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Acute stress disorder
0%
0/6
Performance anxiety
Schizophrenia
Posttraumatic stress disorder
100%
6/6
Panic attack
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A patient complaining of flashbacks, nightmares, and avoidance of specific stimuli is likely suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD is often seen in war veterans, rape victims and survivors of traumatic events. PTSD symptoms do not have to manifest right after the event, but they must last for longer than 1 month to qualify as PTSD. The most common symptoms of PTSD are flashbacks, nightmares, avoidance of stimuli, anhedonia, insomnia, and suicidal thoughts. The main course of treatment is psychotherapy and use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Warner et al. report that around 8% of men and 20% of women who experienced traumatic events present with PTSD. Once diagnosed, benzodiazepines and atypical antipsychotics should be avoided due to the overwhelming number of side effects. Caretakers should be wary of patient’s substance abuse and mood disorders. McDermott et al. report a study looking at the relationship between migraine and patients presenting with PTSD. Analysis showed that PTSD was a stronger predictor of migraine than gender and mood symptoms. Incorrect Answers: Answer 1: Acute stress disorder has the same symptom profile as PTSD but lasts from 3 days to a month. Answer 2: Performance anxiety is a form of anxiety often triggered before an individual engages the public (i.e. sports game, public speaking). Answer 3: Schizophrenia presents with auditory hallucinations, paranoia, and negative mood disorders for more than 6 months. Answer 5: Panic attack is a situation-related episode of extreme fear. Diagnostic criteria is met when episodes are unexpected and recurrent.
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