Review Question - QID 106954

This patient's clinical presentation is consistent with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Patients with this condition have an increased risk of endometrial cancer.

PCOS is an endocrine disorder characterized by abnormally elevated luteinizing hormone (LH). The Rotterdam criteria are considered the major diagnostic criteria, and require 2 of three criteria: menstrual irregularity, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. Endometrial hyperplasia occurs frequently in this population as a result of anovulation, and leads to an increased risk of endometrial cancer. Although less well-documented, patients with PCOS may also have an increased risk of breast and ovarian cancer.

Figure A/IllustrationA shows a typical adnexal ultrasound of a patient with PCOS, with multiple cysts in the ovary.

Incorrect Answers:
Answer 1: Human papilloma virus infection, as well as a history of cervical cancer, are associated with an increased risk of vulvar cancer.
Answer 2: Human papilloma virus infection, smoking, and long-term oral contraceptive use, are associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer.
Answer 4: Smoking, a history of irritable bowel disease, and a history of prior colonic polyps, are associated with an increased risk of colon cancer.
Answer 5: This patient has a significantly increased risk of endometrial cancer.