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P. aeruginosa
0%
0/3
S. aureus
S. epidermidis
100%
3/3
S. pyogenes
K. pneumoniae
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This patient most likely has S. epidermidis bacteremia as a result of a contaminated central line. Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) are most commonly caused by bacteria of the skin, chiefly coagulase negative staphylococcus. Prevention of CLABSI includes avoidance of unnecessary insertion of central lines and removal as soon as the line is no longer required, as well as strict adherence to aseptic technique when inserting. The use of chlorhexidine for skin preparation and as a component of dressings has also been shown to decrease the rate of CLABSI. Hsu discusses health care-associated infections, which cause approximately 75,000 deaths annually. The most common infection is catheter-associated urinary tract infections. These infections are best prevented by a closed drainage system below the patient. Another type of health care-associated infection is ventilator-associated pneumonia, which can be reduced by using semirecumbent positioning and antiseptic oral care. Al-Tawfiq discusses healthcare associated infections (HAI), of which infections of invasive devices are a subset, including central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), as well as surgical site infections (SSI). They report that HAIs are associated with significant mortality, morbidity, and increasing healthcare cost with a 2.3% to 14.4% fatality rate. Illustration A displays the process of catheter associated infections. Incorrect Answers: Answers 1,2,4,5: These are not the most common bacteria seen in line-associated infections.
4.4
(5)
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