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A 28-year-old female that gets irritated or worried about everyday things out of proportion to the actual source of worry
16%
5/31
A 35-year-old male that gets tachycardic, tachypnic, and diaphoretic every time he rides a plane
65%
20/31
A 42-year-old female with extreme mood changes ranging from mania to severe depression
0%
0/31
A 19-year-old male that saw his sibling murdered, and has had flashbacks and hypervigilance for more than one month
10%
3/31
A 65-year-old male with narrow angle glaucoma that complains of excessive worry, rumination, and uneasiness about future uncertainties
6%
2/31
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This statement suggests a specific or simple phobia. Although phobias can initially be treated non-pharmacologically with cognitive-behavioral therapy, when medications become necessary, a short acting benzodiazepine, like alprazolam, is often useful. Since the patient's fear only occurs in the context of a relatively uncommon situation, giving an SSRI would be inappropriate. SSRIs would also take some time to be effective, wheares alprazolam has more immediate effects. Specific phobias are a form of anxiety disorder that manifest as an unreasonable or irrational fear concerning being exposed to a specific object or situation. Patients with this disorder tend to avoid direct contact with the specific object or situation, and thus it can become disabling to their daily lives. Phobias can be classified into five main categories: animal type, natural environment type, situational type, blood/injection/injury type, and other. According to the American Academy of Family Physicians, a phobia becomes a problem when it keeps someone from living a normal life. Types of phobias include, but are not limited to, crowds, snakes, heights, bridges, open places, and social situations. Patients experiencing any of these phobias should seek out a physician for help in coping and for possible pharmacologic intervention. Del Casale et al. report on the functional neuroanatomy of patients with specific phobias. Functional neuroimaging, using symptom provocation, has shown that there are specific areas of the brain that are involved in a fear network. Functional neuroimaging has shown promising results and may stand to be used as a means of identifying treatment-response predictors as well as monitoring the responses of various medications or CBT treatment approaches. Illustration A describes the different modalities for treating specific phobias. Incorrect Answers: Answer 1: This statement describes somone with generalized anxiety disorder. This condition is classically treated with buspirone and other antidepressants. Answer 3: This statement describes someone with bipolar disorder. This condition is usually initially treated with a combination of mood stabilizers and antipsychotics. Mood stabilizers are the mainstay of maintence treatment. Answer 4: This statement describes someone with post-traumatic stress disorder. When this condition warrants the use of medication, SSRIs are the first-line treatment. Answer 4: This statement describes someone with an anxiety disorder. Although alprazolam would be a great option for someone with this disorder, it is contraindicated in people with acute angle glaucoma.
5.0
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