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Human immunodeficiency virus
0%
0/24
Streptococcus pneumoniae
4%
1/24
Neisseria meningitidis
Plasmodium falciparum
83%
20/24
Haemophilus influenza
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This patient has sickle cell trait (heterozygous for the sickle cell allele). Sickle cell trait offers protection against infection with Plasmodium falciparum, the parasite that causes malaria. Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive condition affecting the patient's hemoglobin molecules. The mutated hemoglobin molecules cause a variety of complications usually through vaso-occlusion. People who are heterozygous for sickle cell disease do not usually manifest any clinical symptoms, although they are known to occasionally have painless hematuria and resistance to the Plasmodium family of parasites (that cause malaria). Figure A is a set of electrophoresis results for a variety of different patients. Column 1 is a patient with sickle cell disease (homozygote). Column 2 is a patient with hemoglobin C disease. Column 3 is a patient with hemoglobin C trait (heterozygote). Column 4 is a patient with sickle cell trait (heterozygote). Incorrect Answers: Answers 1-3, 5: Patients with sickle cell trait have a natural resistance to only P. falciparum.
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