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Review Question - QID 103051

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QID 103051 (Type "103051" in App Search)
A 29-year-old G2P1 woman at 37 weeks gestation presents to her primary care physician with a 3-day history of an abrupt onset of extremely pruritic, urticarial papules and blisters on the abdomen and trunk. Her pregnancy has otherwise been unremarkable and she is currently taking folate and a multivitamin. Her husband recently had an upper respiratory infection and her son recently had a fever and a rash. The patient has never been vaccinated nor has anyone else in the family. She has a history of cold sores and chickenpox. Her temperature is 98.0°F (36.7°C), blood pressure is 120/84 mmHg, pulse is 85/min, respirations are 14/min, and oxygen saturation is 98% on room air. Her physical exam is shown in Figure A. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
  • A

Bullous pemphigoid

0%

0/21

Herpes simplex virus

5%

1/21

Herpes zoster virus

0%

0/21

Pemphigoid gestationis

76%

16/21

Pemphigus vulgaris

14%

3/21

  • A

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This pregnant patient is presenting with erythematous urticarial patches and plaques that progress to tense vesicles and blisters suggesting a diagnosis of pemphigoid gestationis.

Pemphigoid gestationis is a pruritic blistering dermatologic disorder unique to pregnancy. It is not associated with past or present herpes infections. The onset is generally later in pregnancy (second trimester or later). The distribution involves the abdomen or extremities but may be generalized. It can present with intense pruritus followed by visible skin lesions including urticarial plaques, papules, and vesicles with sparing of the palms, soles, and mucous membranes. Tense blisters are often formed subsequently, which can rupture. It is thought to be an autoimmune condition triggered by pregnancy, with antibodies against hemidesmosomal proteins that causes separation of the epidermis from the dermis. It is associated with other autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto thyroiditis, Grave disease, or pernicious anemia.

Figure A displays the classic findings of vesicular skin lesions and ruptured bullae which can be seen in pemphigoid gestationis.

Incorrect Answers:
Answer 1: Bullous pemphigoid is an autoimmune skin condition commonly affecting the elderly. It presents with pruritic skin lesions and tense bullae that do not rupture under pressure.

Answer 2: Herpes simplex virus is a possible diagnosis in this patient; however, it would be more likely to present as a reactivation rather than a generalized rash over the abdomen. Electric pain may precede reactivation and vesicles may be present.

Answer 3: Herpes zoster is a viral skin condition that (when it reactivates causing shingles) is painful and typically is limited to 1 dermatome.

Answer 5: Pemphigus vulgaris occurs secondary to anti-desmosomal antibodies as well as painful bullae which rupture easily and can be found on mucosal surfaces. It is possible but less likely given this patient's age and current pregnancy.

Bullet Summary:
Pemphigoid gestationis occurs after the 2nd trimester of pregnancy and presents with pruritic bullae which may rupture.

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