Snapshot A 66-year-old man presents to his primary care physician due to worsening shortness of breath, fatigue, and edema. Medical history is significant for type II diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease with his last eGFR reading at 85 mL/min/1.73 m2. He has yet to need dialysis. Laboratory testing is significant for a hemoglobin of 9.0 g/dL and an eGFR of 55 mL/min/1.73 m2. After further evaluation of non-renal causes of anemia, it was determined that erythropoietin should be added to his treatment regimen to improve his symptoms. Introduction ImmunosuppressantsMedicationMechanism of ActionClinical UseAldesleukinIL-2 product which leads to proliferation, differentiation, and recruitment of T-, B-cell, and NK cellsMetastatic renal cell carcinomaMetastatic melanomaErythropoietin (epoetin alfa)Stimulates erythroid progenitor cells to divide and differentiateAnemiaFilgrastimGranulocyte colony stimulating factor which results in neutrophilproliferation, differentiation, and activationRecovery of leukocyte count and bone marrowSargramostimGranulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor which results in neutrophil and monocyteproliferation, differentiation, and activationIFN-αMultiple effectsChronic hepatitis B and CMalignant melanomaCondyloma acuminatumHairy cell leukemiaKaposi sarcomaIFN-βMultiple sclerosisIFN-γChronic granulomatous diseaseRomiplostim (thrombopoietin)A thrombopoietin (TPO) analog that acts on the TPO receptor to ↑ platelet countThrombocytopeniaEltrombopagA TPO agonist that leads to ↑ platelet countThrombocytopeniaOprelvekin (IL-11)A thrombopoietic growth factor that results in ↑ platelet countThrombocytopenia