A fasciotomy is an emergency procedure used to treat acute compartment syndrome. Compartment syndrome is when the pressure builds up in a non-compliant osseofascial compartment and causes ischemia leading to muscle and nerve necrosis. It occurs most commonly in the volar compartment of the forearm, deep posterior, or anterior leg compartment. It can, however, happen in any closed space where the muscle is surrounded by substantial fascia, eg, the hand, foot, thigh, or buttock. Compartment syndrome categorizes as acute or chronic. Acute compartment syndrome often follows high-energy trauma, fractures, circumferential burns, crush injuries, or a tight plaster cast. Chronic compartment syndrome develops with muscular overuse and commonly occurs in the leg of runners or military personnel or the forearm of weightlifters and rowers. Occasionally acute exertional compartment syndrome can be seen after strenuous exertion.