• ABSTRACT
    • The first and foremost diagnosis to exclude in the pregnant patient presenting with vaginal bleeding is ectopic pregnancy. Once ectopic pregnancy is ruled out, miscarriage should be considered as a clinical spectrum. Its management is directed according to the integrity of the internal cervical os and patient hemodynamic status. Treatment with anti-D immune globulin is warranted for all Rh-negative patients. Urgent obstetric consultation is necessary for most miscarriage presentations.