Anethesiology Drug Introduction Anesthesiology medications can be broken down into the following categories inhaled agents neuromuscular blockers sedatives local agents (adding epinephrine can prolong duration of anesthesia) Anethesiology Drug Table Inhaled AgentsNameMechanism of Action Key Indication Key ToxicityGeneral AnestheticsHalothaneCortical, myocardial, respiratory depressionInhaled anestheticHepatotoxicityMalignant hyperthermiaEnfluraneProconvulsantMalignant hyperthermiaMethoxyfluraneNephrotoxicityMalignant hyperthermiaSevofluraneMalignant hyperthermiaNitrous oxideGas expansion when trapped in a body cavityNeuromuscular BlockersDepolarizing AgentsSuccinylcholineAch receptor agonist (sustained depolarization)Depolarizing neuromuscular blockadeHyperkalemiaavoid in burn and crush injury patientsMalignant hyperthermiatreat with dantrolene and coolingNon-Depolarizing Agents (Reversed with Neostigmine and Atropine)PancuroniumCompetitive antagonist of Ach receptorsNondepolarizing neuromuscular blockadeTachycardiaRespiratory depressionAtracuriumVecuroniumRocuroniumSedativesAtropineMuscarinic antagonistSedativeCholinergic crisis (organophosphate poisoning)Dry skinFlushed skinConstipationUrinary retentionCycloplegiaKetamineNMDA antagonistDissociative anestheticNeuropathic pain syndromesDisorientationHallucinationsNystagmus (vertical, horizontal, or rotary)LaryngospasmMidazolamIncreases GABA type A channel opening frequencySedativeRelaxantShort-acting, high potency benzodiazepineRespiratory depressionDecreased blood pressureAmnesiaPropofolPotentiates activity at GABA type A channelsSedationRapid anesthesia inductionPain on injectionDecreased blood pressure (reduces cardiac inotropy)ThiopentalIncreases GABA channel opening durationInduction of anesthesiaRespiratory depressionCardiovascular depressionEtomidateGABAa agonistInduction agentNausea/vomitingSpasmsTransient adrenal suppressionLocal AnestheticsLidocaineBlocks voltage gated sodium channelsLocal anestheticFast onset (minutes)Short duration of symptom control (1-3 hours)SeizuresCardiac toxicitybradycardiaheart blockBupivacaineBlocks voltage gated sodium channelsLocal anestheticSlow onset (15 minutes)Long duration of symptom control (4-8 hours)SeizuresCardiac toxicity
QUESTIONS 1 of 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Previous Next Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK (M2.PH.14.39) A 4-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother after cutting his buttock on a piece of broken glass. There is a 5-cm curvilinear laceration over the patient's right buttock. His vital signs are unremarkable. The decision to repair the laceration is made. Which of the following will offer the longest anesthesia for the laceration repair? QID: 106250 Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Bupivacaine 23% (3/13) 2 Bupivacaine with epinephrine 62% (8/13) 3 Lidocaine 8% (1/13) 4 Lidocaine mixed with bupivacaine 8% (1/13) 5 Lidocaine with epinephrine 0% (0/13) M 7 Question Complexity E Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 2 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK
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