Anethesiology Drug Introduction Anesthesiology medications can be broken down into the following categories inhaled agents neuromuscular blockers sedatives local agents (adding epinephrine can prolong duration of anesthesia) Anethesiology Drug Table Inhaled Agents Name Mechanism of Action Key Indication Key Toxicity General Anesthetics Halothane Cortical, myocardial, respiratory depression Inhaled anesthetic Hepatotoxicity Malignant hyperthermia Enflurane Proconvulsant Malignant hyperthermia Methoxyflurane Nephrotoxicity Malignant hyperthermia Sevoflurane Malignant hyperthermia Nitrous oxide Gas expansion when trapped in a body cavity Neuromuscular Blockers Depolarizing Agents Succinylcholine Ach receptor agonist (sustained depolarization) Depolarizing neuromuscular blockade Hyperkalemia avoid in burn and crush injury patients Malignant hyperthermia treat with dantrolene and cooling Non-Depolarizing Agents (Reversed with Neostigmine and Atropine) Pancuronium Competitive antagonist of Ach receptors Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockade Tachycardia Respiratory depression Atracurium Vecuronium Rocuronium Sedatives Atropine Muscarinic antagonist Sedative Cholinergic crisis (organophosphate poisoning) Dry skin Flushed skin Constipation Urinary retention Cycloplegia Ketamine NMDA antagonist Dissociative anesthetic Neuropathic pain syndromes Disorientation Hallucinations Nystagmus (vertical, horizontal, or rotary) Laryngospasm Midazolam Increases GABA type A channel opening frequency Sedative Relaxant Short-acting, high potency benzodiazepine Respiratory depression Decreased blood pressure Amnesia Propofol Potentiates activity at GABA type A channels Sedation Rapid anesthesia induction Pain on injection Decreased blood pressure (reduces cardiac inotropy) Thiopental Increases GABA channel opening duration Induction of anesthesia Respiratory depression Cardiovascular depression Etomidate GABAa agonist Induction agent Nausea/vomiting Spasms Transient adrenal suppression Local Anesthetics Lidocaine Blocks voltage gated sodium channels Local anesthetic Fast onset (minutes) Short duration of symptom control (1-3 hours) Seizures Cardiac toxicity bradycardia heart block Bupivacaine Blocks voltage gated sodium channels Local anesthetic Slow onset (15 minutes) Long duration of symptom control (4-8 hours) Seizures Cardiac toxicity
QUESTIONS 1 of 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Previous Next Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK (M2.PH.14.39) A 4-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his mother after cutting his buttock on a piece of broken glass. There is a 5-cm curvilinear laceration over the patient's right buttock. His vital signs are unremarkable. The decision to repair the laceration is made. Which of the following will offer the longest anesthesia for the laceration repair? QID: 106250 Type & Select Correct Answer 1 Bupivacaine 20% (2/10) 2 Bupivacaine with epinephrine 70% (7/10) 3 Lidocaine 10% (1/10) 4 Lidocaine mixed with bupivacaine 0% (0/10) 5 Lidocaine with epinephrine 0% (0/10) M 7 Question Complexity E Question Importance Select Answer to see Preferred Response SUBMIT RESPONSE 2 Review Tested Concept Review Full Topic Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK Sorry, this question is for PEAK Premium Subscribers only Upgrade to PEAK
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